�Ї�(gu��)���ڵ��\(y��n)��primitive canals of china*����\(y��n)��earliest canal�����(zh��n)��(gu��)�r(sh��)�ڵ��\(y��n)��canals of the spring and autumn andwarring states periods�؝h�r(sh��)�ڵ��\(y��n)��canals of the qin and han dynastiesκ�x�ϱ������\(y��n)��canals of the wei��jin and the southernand northern dynasties���\(y��n)�ӵ�؞ͨ�c�d˥cutthrough and vicissitude of the grand canal������\(y��n)�ӵ�؞ͨcutthrough of the g rand canal in thesui dynasty�����δ��\(y��n)�ӵķ��sprosperity of the grand canal in the tangand song dynastiesԪ�����\(y��n)�ӵĶ���finalization of the grand canal in theyuan dynasty�������\(y��n)�ӵľS�o(h��)maintenance of the grand canal in theming dynasty��
������\(y��n)�ӵ�˥��decline of the grand canal in the qing dynasty���\(y��n)�ӵ�����rebirth of the grand canal���\(y��n)���c����the grand canal and its major cities����beijing���tianjin����cangzhou����dezhou�R��linqing��(j��)��jining�ij�liaocheng����huai��an�P(y��ng)��yangzhou�(zh��n)��zhenjiang�o(w��)�awuxi�K��suzhou���djiaxing����hangzhou