chapter 1 an introduction to accounting  1.1 accounting is an information system  1.2 forms of organization  1.3 the framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements  1.4 understanding of financial statements  1.5 accounting and its profession  1.6 accounting elements and using the accounting equation  1.7 professional ethics in accounting  1.8 convergence of accounting standards chinese accounting standards�� development and implementation  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 2 accounting cycle  2.1 t��account and debit & credit  2.2 journalizing and posting transactions  2.3 preparing a trial balance  2.4 adjusting the accounts  2.5 adjusted trial balance and preparation of financial statements  2.6 the worksheet  2.7 closing  2.8 the accounting cycle summary  2.9 classification of balance sheet items  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 3 current assets  3.1 cash  3.2 trading securities  3.3 notes receivable  3.4 accounts receivable  3.5 inventories  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 4 non��current assets  4.1 fixed assets  4.2 natural resources  4.3 intangible assets  4.4 impairment of fixed assets  4.5 long��term investments  4.6 impairment of long��term investments  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 5 liabilities  5.1 current liabilities  5.2 non��current liabilities  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 6 owners' equity  6.1 forms of organization  6.2 stockholders' rights  6.3 accounting for stock issues  6.4 treasury stock  6.5 preferred stock  6.6 dividends and stock splits  6.7 accounting for retained earnings  6.8 statement presentation and analysis  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 7 revenue and expense recognition and income statement presentation  7.1 revenue recognition concepts  7.2 revenue recognition at delivery  7.3 revenue recognition before delivery  7.4 revenue recognition after delivery  7.5 long��term contracts  7.6 revenue recognition for service sales  7.7 recognition of gains and losses  7.8 expense recognition  7.9 presentation of the income statement  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionschapter 8 statement of cash flows and financial statement analysis  8.1 cash and cash equivalents  8.2 classification of cash receipts and cash payments  8.3 preparing statement of cash flows����direct method  8.4 preparing statement of cash flows����indirect method  8.5 determining cash flows from investing activities  8.6 determining cash flows from financing activities  8.7 presenting the information in the form of the statementof cash flows  8.8 usefulness of the statement of cash flows  8.9 financial statement analysis�� horizontal and vertical  8.10 ratio analysis  vocabulary  self��test questions  exercises  answers to self��test questionsappendix  1.balance sheet  2.income statement  3.statement of changes in owners' equity  4.statement of cash flows  5.the disclosure of supplementary information to statement of cash flows  6.disclosure of information and accounts required  7.vat return form  8.consumption tax return form  9.business tax return form  10.annual return form of the people' s republic of china on corporate income tax  11.individual income tax return form