INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING財務報告導論 版權信息
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INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING財務報告導論 本書特色
本教材遵循“十四五”規劃期間教育部對高校本科教材建設的總體指導方針,堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導,落實《全國大中小學教材建設規劃(2019—2022 年)》和《普通高等學校教材管理辦法》,力求滿足普及化階段高等教育人才培養的需要。本教材是以國際會計準則(IAS)為基礎,由淺入深講解編制個體經營者、股份公司財務報表的全英文教材。本教材英文專業術語準確規范,報告編制方法反映了國際會計準則的*新變化;建立了財務報告的基本體系,涵蓋了財務會計的基礎內容及報表編制的核心內容。本教材按照 50~70 課內學時,課內、外學時比為1∶1設計教學與習題內容;在闡述會計理論與實務方法時,既注重會計理論的深度與廣度,又強調會計實務的操作方法與應用。
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING財務報告導論 內容簡介
本書是全英文教材。本書是針對會計和非會計專業學生學習財務報告的入門導論。本書以講解個體經營者財務報告的編制為起點,在國際財務報告概念框架指導下,通過對固定資產、無形資產、存貨和股本等相關國際財務報告準則的學習,逐步幫助學生掌握上市公司利潤表、資產負債表、所有者權益變動表和現金流量表的編制技巧,并學會對財務報表的基本分析和解釋。本書適合高校學生及對相關領域有興趣學習的同學自學使用,有一定的普適性和出版價值。
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING財務報告導論 目錄
Chapter 1 Statements of Profit or Loss: Sole Traders …………………… (1)
1.1 Introduction to the Statement of Profit or Loss …………………… (1)
1.2 Gross Profit and Net Profit ………………………………… (2)
1.Gross Profit ………………………………………………………………… (2)
2.Net Profit …………………………………………………………………… (3)
1.3 Preparation of a Trading and Profit and Loss Account ……………………… (4)
1.4 Preparation of a Statement of Profit or Loss ………………………………… (10)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (12)
Chapter 2 Statement of Financial Position ………………………………… (22)
2.1 Contents of the Statement of Financial Position …………………………… (22)
1.Assets ……………………………………………………………………… (23)
2.Liabilities ………………………………………………………………… (23)
3.Capital …………………………………………………………………… (24)
2.2 Format of the Statement of Financial Position ……………………………… (24)·
2.3 No Double Entry in Statements of Financial Position ……………………… (26)
2.4 Drawing up a Statement of Financial Position ……………………………… (26)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (30)
Chapter 3 Statements of Profit or Loss and Statements of Financial
Position: Further Considerations ……………………………… (36)
3.1 Returns Inwards and Returns Outwards …………………………………… (36)
3.2 Carriage Inwards and Carriage Outwards …………………………………… (39)
3.3 The Second Year of a Business ……………………………………………… (41)
1.Adjustments Needed for Inventory ………………………………………… (42)
2.Ledger Accounting for Inventory ………………………………………… (42)
3.Other Expenses in the Trading Account ………………………………… (45)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (47)
Chapter 4 Inventory ……………………………………………… (57)
4.1 IAS 2 Inventories …………………………………………………………… (57)
4.2 Cost of Goods Sold ………………………………………………………… (58)
1.Recap ……………………………………………………………………… (58)
2.Inventories Written off or Written down ………………………………… (58)
3.Inventory Destroyed or Stolen and Subject to an Insurance Claim ……… (60)
4.Counting Inventory ………………………………………………………… (61)
5.Accounting for Opening and Closing Inventories ………………………… (62)
4.3 Measurement of Inventories ………………………………………………… (62)
1.Applying the Lower of Cost and NRV …………………………………… (63)
2.Determining the Cost of Inventory ………………………………………… (64)
Introduction to
Financial Reporting·
3.Different Valuations of Inventory ………………………………………… (66)
4.Inventory Valuation and the Calculation of Profits ……………………… (69)
4.4 Using Mark?up / Margin Percentages to Establish Cost ……………………… (72)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (73)
Chapter 5 Irrecoverable Debts and Allowance for Receivables ……… (80)
5.1 Irrecoverable Debts …………………………………………… (80)
1.Introduction ……………………………………………………………… (80)
2.Writing off Irrecoverable Debts …………………………………………… (81)
3.Irrecoverable Debts Written off and Subsequently Paid ………………… (82)
5.2 Allowance for Receivables …………………………………………………… (84)
1.Doubtful Debts …………………………………………………………… (84)
2.Determining the Allowance for Receivables ……………………………… (84)
3.Allowance for Receivables: Ledger Accounting Entries ………………… (85)
4.Allowance for Receivables: Financial Statements ………………………… (87)
5.3 Example: Irrecoverable Debts Written off and Allowance for Receivables
Combined …………………………………………………………………… (88)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (91)
Chapter 6 Depreciation: Calculations and Double Entry ……………… (97)
6.1 What Is Depreciation? ………………………………………… (97)
1.Objective of Depreciation ……………………………………… (97)
2.Definitions ………………………………………………………………… (98)
6.2 Causes of Depreciation …………………………………………… (99)
1.Physical Deterioration ……………………………………………… (99)·
2.Economic Factors ………………………………………………………… (99)
3.Time ……………………………………………………………………… (99)
4.Depletion ………………………………………………………………… (100)
6.3 Calculating Depreciation …………………………………………………… (100)
1.Methods of Depreciation ………………………………………………… (100)
2.Choice of Method ………………………………………………………… (103)
3.Reviewing and Changing the Depreciation Method ……………………… (104)
4.Reviewing and Changing Useful Life or Residual Value ………………… (105)
6.4 Accounting for Depreciation ……………………………………………… (106)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (108)
Chapter 7 Accruals and Prepayments ……………………………………… (114)
7.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………… (114)
7.2 Accrued Expenses and Prepaid Expenses ………………………………… (115)
1.Accrued Expenses ……………………………………………………… (115)
2.Prepaid Expenses ………………………………………………………… (118)
3.Accruals and Prepayments in Financial Statements …………………… (121)
7.3 Accrual Principle and Income ……………………………………………… (124)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (125)
Chapter 8 Provisions and Contingencies …………………………………… (140)
8.1 Provisions ………………………………………………………………… (140)
1.Definition ………………………………………………………………… (140)
2.Accounting for Provisions …………………………………… (141)
3.Measuring the Amount of Provisions ………… (143)
8.2 Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets ……………………………… (143)
1.Contingent Liabilities ……………………………… (143)
2.Contingent Assets ………………………………………………………… (144)
3.Decision Tree of IAS 37 ………………………………………… (144)
8.3 Disclosure in Financial Statements ……(146)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (147)
Chapter 9 Tangible Non?current Assets …………………………………… (152)
9.1 Capital vs Revenue Expenditure ………… (152)
1.The Distinction Between Capital and Revenue Expenditure …………… (153)
2.Capital Income and Revenue Income ……… (154)
9.2 IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (154)
1.Definition of Property, Plant and Equipment …………………………… (154)
2.Measurement of Property, Plant and Equipment ……………………… (155)
9.3 Revaluation of Non?current Assets ……… (156)
1.Accounting Treatment for Revaluation Gain and Losses ………………… (156)
2.A Worked Example ……………………………………………………… (157)
9.4 Non?current Assets Disposals ……………………………………………… (160)
1.The Principles Behind Calculating the Profit or Loss on Disposal ……… (160)
2.Accounting Treatment for Asset Disposals ……………………………… (161)
3.Accounting for Disposals of Non?current Assets Given in
Part Exchange …………………………………………………………… (163)
9.5 Disclosure in Financial Statements ………………………………………… (164)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (166)·
Chapter 10 Intangible Non?current Assets ………………………………… (175)
10.1 Intangible Assets ………………………………………… (175)
1.Intangible Assets Defined ……………………………………………… (176)
2.Accounting Treatment …………………………………………………… (176)
10.2 Research and Development …………………… (177)
1.Definition of Research and Development (177)
2.Recognition of Research and Development ……… (177)
3.Accounting Treatment of Research and Development …………………… (178)
10.3 Disclosure in Financial Statements ……………………………………… (178)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (179)
Chapter 11 Introduction to Company Accounting ……………………… (184)
11.1 The Nature of a Limited Company …………… (184)
1.Separate Legal Entity and Limited Liabilities …………………………… (184)
2.The Classes of Limited Companies ………… (185)
3.The Capital of Limited Liability Companies ………… (185)
11.2 Equity: Share Capital …………………………………… (186)
1.Ordinary Shares and Preference Shares …(186)
2.Accounting for Share Capital …………………… (188)
11.3 Equity: Retained Earnings and Other Reserves ………………………… (189)
1.Retained Earnings ……………………………………………………… (189)
2.Share Premium …………………………………………………………… (190)
3.Other Reserves …………………………………………………………… (190)
4.Dividends ………………………………………………………………… (191)
11.4 Bonus and Rights Issue …………………………… (192)
1.Bonus Issue ……………………………………………………………… (193)
2.Rights Issue ……………………………………………………………… (195)
11.5 Ledger Accounts of a Limited Liability Company ………………………… (196)
1.Taxation ………………………………………………………………… (197)
2.Loan Stock ……………………………………………………………… (198)
3.Finance Costs …………………………………………………………… (198)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (199)
Chapter 12 Preparation of Financial Statements for Companies …… (206)
12.1 IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements …………………………… (206)
12.2 The Statement of Financial Position ………………………………… (207)
12.3 The Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income ……… (209)
1.Other Comprehensive Income and Basic Requirements ………………… (209)
2.Cost of Sales, Distribution Costs and Administrative Expenses ………… (211)
3.Other Income …………………………………………………………… (212)
12.4 The Statement of Changes in Equity ……………………………………… (212)
12.5 Notes to the Financial Statements ………………………………………… (214)
12.6 A Worked Example ……………………………………………………… (216)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (221)
Chapter 13 Statement of Cash Flows ……………………………………… (234)
13.1 Introduction to the Statement of Cash Flows ……………………………… (234)
1.Purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows ………………………………… (234)
2.Cash vs Profit …………………………………………………………… (235)
13.2 IAS 7: Statement of Cash Flows ………………………………………… (236)·
1.Objective and Scope ……………………………………………………… (236)
2.Definitions ……………………………………………………………… (236)
13.3 Presentation of the Statement of Cash Flows …………………………… (237)
1.Cash Flows from Operating Activities …………………………………… (237)
2.Cash Flows from Investing Activities …………………………………… (241)
3.Cash Flows from Financing Activities …………………………………… (243)
4.Cash and Cash Equivalents ……………………… (244)
13.4 An Example: Preparing a Statement of Cash Flows ……………………… (246)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (249)
Chapter 14 An Introduction to Financial Analysis ……………………… (258)
14.1 Basics of Financial Analysis …………………… (258)
1.Users of the Ratios ……………………………………………………… (259)
2.Overview of Financial Statements ……………… (259)
14.2 Ratio Analysis …………………………………………………………… (261)
1.Profitability Ratios …………………………………………… (261)
2.Liquidity Ratios ………………………………………………………… (263)
3.Gearing / Leverage Ratios ………………………………… (264)
4.Efficiency Ratios ………………………………………………………… (265)
5.Investment Ratios ………………………………………………………… (266)
14.3 Interpretating Financial Information ……………………………………… (267)
1.A Worked Example ……………………………………………………… (267)
2.Limitations of Ratio Analysis ……………………… (271)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (272)
Answers ……………………………………………………………………………… (281)
Chapter 1 ………………………………………………………………………… (281)
Chapter 2 ………………………………………………………………………… (283)
Chapter 3 ………………………………………………………………………… (286)
Chapter 4 ………………………………………………………………………… (292)
Chapter 5 ………………………………………………………………………… (293)
Chapter 6 ………………………………………………………………………… (295)
Chapter 7 ………………………………………………………………………… (297)
Chapter 8 ………………………………………………………………………… (299)
Chapter 9 ………………………………………………………………………… (300)
Chapter 10 ………………………………………………………………………… (302)
Chapter 11 ………………………………………………………………………… (303)
Chapter 12 ………………………………………………………………………… (305)
Chapter 13 ………………………………………………………………………… (313)
Chapter 14 ………………………………………………………………………… (315)
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INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING財務報告導論 作者簡介
薄瀾,遼寧大學新華國際商學院副教授、碩士生導師、英國德蒙福特大學訪問學者。主講課程:《初級財務會計》、《中級財務會計》與《會計實務》。
張微微,遼寧大學新華國際商學院講師、碩士生導師。教學經驗豐富,主講課程:《初級財務會計》與《會計學基礎》。