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�� 001 ��

LECTURE THE FIRST

Object of the course �� History of European civilization �� Part taken

by France in the civilization of Europe �� Civilization a fit subject

for narrative �� it s the most general fact in history �� The ordinary

and popular meaning of the word civilization �� Two leading

facts constitute civilization: 1. The development of society; 2. The

development of the individual �� Demonstration �� These two facts

are necessarily connected the one with the other, and, sooner or later,

produce the one with the other �� Is the destiny of man limited wholly

within his actual social condition? �� The history of civilization may

be exhibited and considered under two points of view �� Remarks on

the plan of the course �� The present state of men�� minds, and

the prospects of civilization.

�� 001 ��

SECOND LECTURE

Purpose of the lecture �� Unity of ancient civilization �� Variety ofcentury �� The clergy exercising municipal functions �� Good and

evil influence of the church �� The barbarians �� They introduce

into the modern world the sentiments of personal independence, and

the devotion of man to man �� Summary of the different elements of

civilization in the beginning of the fifth century.

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THIRD LECTURE

Object of the lecture �� All the various systems pretend to be

legitimate �� What is political legitimacy? Co-existence of all systems

of government in the fifth century �� Instability in the condition of

persons properties and institutions �� There were two causes of this,

one material, the continuation of the invasion; the other moral, the

selfish sentiment of individuality peculiar to the barbarians �� The

germs of civilization have been the necessity for order, the recollections

of the Roman empire, the Christian church, and the barbarians ��

Attempts at organization by the barbarians, by the towns, by the church

of Spain, by Charlemagne, and Alfred �� The German and Arabian

invasions cease �� The feudal system begins.

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FOURTH LECTURE

Object of the lecture �� Necessary alliance between facts and

doctrines �� Preponderance of the country over the towns ��

Organization of a small feudal society �� Influence of feudalism upon

the character of the possessor of the fief, and upon the spirit of

family �� Hatred of the people towards the feudal system �� The priestFIFTH LECTURE

Object of the lecture �� Religion is a principle of association ��

Constraint is not of the essence of government �� Conditions of the

most worthy; 2. The liberty of the governed must be respected �� The

church being a corporation, and not a caste, fulfilled the first of these

conditions �� Of the various methods of nomination and election

that existed therein �� It wanted the other condition, on account of

the abusive employment of force �� Movement and liberty of spirit

in the bosom of the church �� Relations of the church with princes ��

The independence of spiritual power laid down as a principle ��

Pretensions and efforts of the church to usurp the temporal power.

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SIXTH LECTURE

Object of the lecture �� Separation of the governing and the governed

party in the church �� Indirect influence of the laity upon the clergy ��

The clergy recruited from all conditions of society �� Influence of the

church upon the public order and upon legislation �� The penitential

system �� The development of the human mind is entirely theological �� The

church usually ranges itself on the side of power �� Not to be wondered

at; the aim of religions is to regulate human liberty �� Different states

of the church, from the fifth to the twelfth century �� 1st. The imperial

church �� 2nd. The barbaric church; development of the separating

principle of the two powers; the monastic order �� 3rd. The feudal

church; attempts at organization; want of reform; Gregory VII �� The

theocratical church �� Regeneration of the spirit of inquiry; Abailard ��

Movement of the boroughs �� No connexion between these two facts.question �� 1st. The enfranchisement of the boroughs �� State of

the towns from the fifth to the tenth century �� Their decay and

regeneration �� Communal insurrection �� Charters �� Social

and moral effects of the enfranchisement of the boroughs �� 2nd.

Internal government of the boroughs �� Assemblies of the people ��

Magistrates �� High and low burghership �� Diversity of the state of

the boroughs in the different countries of Europe.

�� 156 ��

EIGHTH LECTURE

Object of the lecture �� Glance at the general history of European

civilization �� Its distinctive and fundamental character �� Epoch

at which that character began to appear �� State of Europe from the

twelfth to the sixteenth century �� Character of the crusades �� Their

moral and social causes �� These causes no longer existed at the end of

the thirteenth century �� Effects of the crusades upon civilization.

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NINTH LECTURE

Object of the lecture �� Important part taken by royalty in the history

of Europe, and in the history of the world �� True causes of this

importance �� Two-fold point of view under which the institution

of royalty should be considered �� 1st. It is true and permanent

nature �� It is the personification of the sovereignty of right �� With

what limits �� 2nd. Its flexibility and diversity �� European royalty

seems to be the result of various kinds of royalty �� Of barbarian

royalty Of imperial royalty �� Of religious royalty �� Of feudal

royalty �� Of modern royalty, properly so called, and of its true

character.

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