Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 What Is Linguistics
1.2 Scopes of Linguistics
1.3 Some Distinctions in Linguistics
1.4 What Is Language
1.5 Summary
Chapter 2 Phonetics
2.1 The Speech Chain
2.2 The Organs of Speech
2.3 Consonants According to Places of Articulation
2.4 Consonants According to Manners of Articulation
2.5 Aspiration: A Vital Feature for Chinese Consonants
2.6 Vowels
2.7 Suprasegmental Features
2.8 Phonation Types
2.9 Air Stream Mechanism
2.10 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and Sound Transcription
2.11 Observing Speech Production Through Instruments
2.12 Acoustic Characteristics of Speech Sounds
2.13 Summary
Chapter 3 Phonology
3.1 Phonemes
3.2 Syllabic Structure and Phonotactics
3.3 Phonological Processes
3.4 Constraints in Phonological Processes
3.5 Historical Sound Change
3.6 Summary
Chapter 4 Morphology
4.1 Definition of Morphology
4.2 Morpheme
4.3 Word Formation
4.4 Summary
Chapter 5 Syntax
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Constituency
5.3 Tree Diagrams
5.4 Major Constituents of Sentences: Noun Phrases and Verb Phrases
5.5 Active and Passive Sentences
5.6 Testing Constituency
5.7 Phrase-Structure Expansions
5.8 Grammatical Relations: Subject, Direct Object, and Others
5.9 Surface Structures and Underlying Structures
5.10 Syntactic Operations: Question Formation and the Auxiliary
5.11 Summary
Chapter 6 Semantics
6.1 Some Views on Meaning
6.2 Lexical Meaning
6.3 Sense Relations Between Words
6.4 Sense Relations Between Sentences
6.5 Summary
Chapter 7 Pragmatics
7.1 What Is Pragmatics
7.2 Speech Act Theory
7.3 The Cooperative Principle
7.4 The Politeness Principle
7.5 Summary
Chapter 8 Discourse Analysis
8.1 What Is Discourse Analysis
8.2 Information Structure
8.3 Cohesion and Coherence
8.4 Discourse Markers
8.5 Conversation Analysis
8.6 Textual Patterns
8.7 Summary
Chapter 9 Sociolinguistics
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Language Variety
9.3 Languages in Contact
9.4 Summary
Chapter 10 Cognitive Linguistics
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Organizing Principles of Iconicity
10.3 Prototype Theory and Categorization
10.4 Polysemy and Radial Networks
10.5 Metaphor and Metonymy
10.6 The Relation of Grammar to Cognition
10.7 Cognitive Grammar in Operation
10.8 Construction Grammar
10.9 Mental Spaces
10.10 Grammaticalization
10.11 Summary
Chapter 10 Psycholinguistics
11.1 Overview of Psycholinguistics
11.2 Language Comprehension Models
11.3 Language Production Models
11.4 Summary
Chapter 12 Language Acquisition
12.1 First Language Acquisition
12.2 Second Language Acquisition
12.3 Instruction and Second Language Learning
12.4 Summary
References
�Z�ԌW�g�Z��