Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research background
1.1.1 Form and meaning within a cognitive framework
1.1.2 Form-focused and meaning-focused approach in second language pedagogy
1.1.3 Focus-on-form
1.2 Goal of research
1.3 Research questions
1.4 Research significance
1.5 Structure of the book
1.6 Summary
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Noticing and SLA
2.1.1 Noticing Hypothesis
2.1.2 Attention, awareness and noticing in SLA
2.1.3 Different types of noticing
2.2 Focus-on-form
2.2.1 Meaning-focused approach, focus-on-forms and focus-on-form
2.2.2 Definitions of FonF and different related terms
2.2.3 Theoretical explanations for FonF
2.3 Input enhancement and output stimulation
2.3.1 Input enhancement and textual enhancement
2.3.2 Output stimulation
2.4 Tasks in L2 research and pedagogy
2.4.1 Definitions of task
2.4.2 Principles for using tasks in L2 classrooms
2.4.3 Empirical studies investigating tasks
2.5 Limitations of the previous studies and justifications for thepresent study
2.6 Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Foundations
3.1 Information Processing model and Output Hypothesis
3.1.1 Information Processing model
3.1.2 Output in the integrated model of second language acquisition
3.2 Izumi's model featuring noticing in relation to overall SLA processes
3.3 The theoretical foundations for the present study
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4 Research Design
4.1 Research questions and hypotheses
4.2 Method
4.2.1 Participants
4.2.2 Linguistic target
4.2.3 Input materials used in the study
4.2.4 Instruments
4.2.5 Research design
4.3 Summary
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion
5.1 The noticing issue
5.1.1 Phase 1 underlining
5.1.2 Phase 2 underlining
5.1.3 Results from questionnaires and interviews
5.1.4 Discussion
5.2 The immediate uptake issues
5.2.1 The immediate uptake
5.2.2 The effect of task types
5.2.3 Results from questionnaires and interviews
5.2.4 Discussion
5.3 Effects of the three FonF approaches on promote learning
5.3.1 The effects of the three FonF approaches on promoting learning in Phase 1
5.3.2 The effects of the three FonF approaches on promoting learning in Phase 2
5.3.3 The retention of the effects of the three FonF approaches on promoting learning
5.3.4 The overall developmental trends of the four groups
5.3.5 Results from questionnaires and interviews
5.3.6 Discussion
5.3.7 Summary
Chapter 6 Conclusions
6.1 Major research findings
6.2 Implications for teaching
6.2.1 Practicing FonF in L2 classrooms
6.2.2 Use of textual enhancement in EFL context
6.2.3 Use of oral output in EFL context
6.3 Limitations and suggestions for future research
6.3.1 Limitations in general and suggestions for future research
6.3.2 Limitations of the research design of the experiment
6.3.3 Limitations of the TE treatment and suggestions for future research
6.3.4 Limitations of the Oral Output treatment and suggestions for future research
6.3.5 Other factors to be investigated in the future
6.4 Summary
References
Appendices