Computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer ���ݺ���

����Another 15 years have gone by since the second edition of this text appeared.During this period��the rate of development in algorithms has slowed compared to any earlier period��but the increase in computational power has been astounding and shows no sign of slowing.Desktop computers can outperform the supercomputers of the early 1990s.The rate ofimprovement of computing power is such that a problem that required a year of computing time to solve 10 years ago can now be solved overnight.The increase in computing power has enabled engineers to solve more complete equa-tions and complex geometries for aerodynamic flows��i.e.��use less physical modeling and fewer approximations.It has also motivated efforts to compute more complex physical phenomena such as turbulence and multiphase fiows.����Another clear trend is the increasing use of commercial software for computational fiuid dynamics ��CFD�� applications.In the early days��CFD was mostly a do-it-yourself enterprise.It is more likely now that a CFD code is thought of as representing a large investment��and companies do not launch into writ-ing a new one without considerable thought.lt is more likely that CFD engineers will become involved in modifying or extending an existing code than in writing a new code from "scratch." However��even making modifications to CFD codes requires knowledge of algorithms��general numerical strategies��and programming skills.The text promotes programming skills by explaining algorithm details and including homework problems that require programming.Even those engineers that will utilize com-mercial codes and be responsible for interpreting the results will be better prepared as a result of the knowledge and insight gained from developing codes themselves.It is very important for engineers to know the limitations of codes and to recognize when the results are not plausible.This will not change in the future.The experience gained by writing and debugging codes will contribute toward the matu-rity needed to wisely use and interpret results from CFD codes.����It is essential that courses evolve as technology advances and new knowledge comes forth.However��not every new twist will have a permanent impact on the discipline��Fads die out��and some numerical approaches will become obsolete as computing power relentlessly advances.The authors have included a number of new developments in this edition while preserving the funda-mental elements of the discipline covered in earlier editions.A number ofideas and algorithms that are now less frequently utilized due to advances in computer hardware or numerical algorithms are retained so that students and instructors can gain a historical perspective of the discipline.Such material can be utilized at the discretion of the instructor.Thirty-four new homework problems have been added bringing the total number of homework problems to 376.����We have retained the two-part��ten-chapter format of the text.Additions and clarifications have been made in all chapters.Part I��consisting of Chapters 1 through 4��deals with the basic concepts and fundamentals of the finite-difference and finite-volume methods.The historical perspective in Chapter 1 has been expanded.The sections on the finite-volume method in Chapter 3 have been revised and expanded.The conjugate gradient and generalized minimal residual (GMRES�� meth-ods are now discussed in the section on Laplace's equation in Chapter 4.Part II��consisting of Chapters 5 through 10��covers applications to the equations of fluid mechanics and heat transfer.The governing equations are presented in Chapter 5.The equations for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD��flows and the quasi-one-dimensional form of the Euler equations are now included.Turbulence����modeling has been updated.The coverage of large-eddy simulation (LES�� has been expanded and����detached eddy simulation (DES�� has been introduced.In Chapter 8��the material on the parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS�� equations has been expanded to include methods for handling flow fields with����significant upstream influences��including large streamwise separated regions.A number of updates and additions are found in Chapter 9.Coverage of Runge-Kutta schemes��residual smoothing��and the lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS�� scheme have been expanded.Some recent vari-ations in time-accurate implicit schemes are also included.