The peoples republic of China in 100 keywords ���x

�������vʷ�c�F����100���~�˽����Ї���Ӣ����������"On the Ten Major Relationships" is one of Mao Zedong's best-known speeches. This was the first time that Mao would present his ideas on building Chinese socialism.����In early 1956�� the socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production was well under way�� and the CPC Central Committee began to shift its focus to building socialism. Since the implementation of the First Five-Year Plan in 1953�� China had accumulated three years of practical experience in building socialism�� along with a deeper understanding of the shortcomings and mistakes of the Soviet Union in managing its economy. On this basis�� China would draw on past experiences and explore its own path to building socialism.����From February 1956�� Mao conducted a thorough study of socialist construction�� spending more than 40 days reviewing 35 reports from the ministries. He gradually summarized the requirements for sound management of ten major relationships�� and formulated a structured thought on the subject. On April 25 he talked about the ten major relationships at an enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee�� then made some amendments based on the subsequent discussion. On May 2�� Mao provided a systematic definition of the ten major relationships to the Supreme State Conference.����The "Ten Major Relationships" represent ten problems to be addressed in building socialism in China�� the relationship between heavy industry on the one hand and light industry and agriculture on the other�� between industry in the coastal regions and industry in the interior�� between economic construction and defense�� between the state�� the units of production and producers�� between the central and the local authorities�� between the Han nationality and minority nationalities�� between the Party and non-Party�� between revolution and counter-revolution�� between right and wrong�� and between China and other countries.����As Mao pointed out�� "It is to focus on one basic policy that these ten problems are being raised�� the basic policy of mobilizing all positive factors�� internal and external�� to serve the cause of socialism." The first five relationships mainly concerned economic issues�� while the latter five mainly concerned political problems. Therefore�� he fundamental guidelines were carried out through mobilizing all positive forces relating to economic�� political�� and cultural issues to serve the cause of building socialism�� and a strategy was defined that was best suited to the conditions of China and would help to create a powerful socialist China.��������