PREFACE �� /3
PREFACE �� /4
CONTRIBUTORS /5
Chapter 1
Various Flexible Ureteroscopes /1
1.1 Flexible Fiber-optic Ureterorenoscope / 2
1.2 Digital Flexible Ureterorenoscope / 3
1.3 Modular Flexible Ureteroscope / 7
1.4 Sun’s Tip-flexible Semirigid Ureterorenoscope / 15
References / 16
Chapter 2
Instrument and Equipment for Flexible Ureteroscopy / 18
2.1 Guidewire / 18
2.2 Instruments for Ureteral Dilation / 21
2.3 Ureteral Access Sheath / 22
2.4 Light Source and Television System / 25
2.5 Perfusion Equipment / 27
2.6 Positioning Equipment / 30
2.7 Lithotripsy Device / 32
2.8 Equipment of Calculus Removal and Biopsy / 38
2.9 Ureteral Stent / 44
References / 46
Chapter 3
Pre-operative Evaluation of Flexible Ureteroscopy / 51
3.1 Required Investigations before Flexible Ureteroscopy / 51
3.2 The Role of Pre-stenting for Flexible Ureteroscopy / 56
References / 58
Chapter 4
Pre-operative Evaluation and Preparation of Flexible Ureterorenoscope
and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy / 60
4.1 Selection of Suitable Patients’ Flexible Ureteroscopy Indications / 60
4.2 How to Assess and Prevent the Operative Risk? / 62
References / 66
Chapter 5
Techniques of Flexible Ureteroscopy: Step-by-Step / 67
5.1 Patient Positioning / 67
5.2 First-look Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy / 68
5.3 The Safety Guidewire and Working Guidewire / 69
5.4 Flexible Ureteroscopy with or without UAS / 70
5.5 Flexible Ureteroscope Insertion / 72
5.6 Ureteroscopic Inspection of the Collection System / 74
5.7 Lithotripsy and Fragment Extraction / 74
5.8 Exit Strategy / 75
5.9 Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Special Cases / 76
5.10 Factors Affecting the Success of Ureteroscopy in Management
of Urolithiasis / 86
References / 87
Chapter 6
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Children / 91
6.1 Evaluation of Upper Urinary Tract / 91
6.2 Optimal Option of Anesthesia / 92
6.3 No Consensus on Whether Ureteral Access Sheath is Necessary
for Pediatric RIRS / 92
6.4 How to Choose an Optimal Length of UAS? / 93
6.5 How to Place UAS? / 93
6.6 How to Choose Flexible Ureteroscope? / 93
6.7 Is It Necessary to Place a double-J Stent at the End of RIRS? / 94
6.8 What is Next When We Place the UAS or Flexible Ureteroscope
to the Ureter? / 94
6.9 Case Report / 94
References / 96
Chapter 7
Complications of the Flexible Ureteroscope / 98
7.1 Intraoperative Complication / 98
7.2 Post-operation Complications / 103
7.3 Reconstruction Technique for Long Ureteral Defects / 105
7.4 Warning, Diagnosis and Management of Urosepsis after Flexible
Ureteroscopy / 114
References / 121
Chapter 8
The Investigation and Management after Flexible Ureteroscopy / 126
8.1 Investigation of the Stone Free Rate after Retrograde
Intrarenal Surgery / 126
8.2 Prevention and Investigation of Ureteral Stricture after RIRS / 129
8.3 Management of Residual Fragments after Retrograde IntrarenalSurgery / 131
8.4 Indwelling Time of double-J Stent after Flexible Ureteroscopy / 132
References / 133
Chapter 9
The Training of Flexible Ureteroscope / 137
9.1 Flexible Ureteroscopy Training / 137
9.2 The Instruments, Equipment and Consumables for Training / 138
9.3 Methods of FURS Training / 139
9.4 The Role of Simulator Training in Acute Infundibulopelvic Angle
Cases for Flexible Ureteroscopy / 148
9.5 The Assessment of FURS Training / 152
References / 154
Chapter 10
Management of Flexible Ureteroscopes in Operating Room / 156
10.1 Pre-job Training for OR Nurses / 156
10.2 Inspection of Flexible Ureteroscope / 160
10.3 Leakage Testing / 166
10.4 The Cleaning Procedures / 169
10.5 Caution for Sterilization / 173
Index / 175