Contents

Acknowledgements v

Introduction vi

Irregular verbs vii

Exam practice

1 Adjectives

adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives; nouns as adjectives Reading Part 2 1

2 Adverbs

using and forming adverbs; irregular adverbs; position; modifying adverbs and adjectives Reading Part 5 7

3 Comparisons

comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; comparing nouns Writing Part 1 13

4 Present tenses

present simple; present continuous; state verbs; have got and have Writing Part 2 19

5 Past tenses

past simple; past continuous Writing Part3 25

6 Present perfect and past simple

present perfect and past simple; have gone and have been Writing Part 1 31

7 Past perfect

past perfect and past simple; used to Reading Part 5 37

8 Nouns

plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article Listening Part 3 43

9 Determiners and pronouns 1

some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc. Reading Part 3 49

10 Determiners and pronouns 2

this/that etc.; all/most etc.; both/either/neither; each/every Writing Part 1 55

11 Determiners and pronouns 3

’s/of, personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it to be Listening Part 2 61

12 The future

will; going to; present continuous; present simple Reading Part 1 67

13 Modals 1

general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission Listening Part 1 73

14 Modals 2

obligation; necessity; orders and advice Writing Part3 79

15 Modals 3

certainty and possibility; ability Reading Part 1 85

16 Questions and answers

yes/no; short answers; question words; agreeing with statements Listening Part 4 91

17 Prepositions 1

place and movement Writing Part 3 97

18 Prepositions 2

Time Reading Part 4 103

19 Prepositions 3

expressions with prepositions; verbs and adjectives prepositions; phrasal verbs Writing Part 2 109

20 The-ing form

-ing as subject; before/after etc. -ing; prepositions -ing; go/come -ing Reading Part 1 115

21 to or-ing?

verbs to infinitive; make and let; verbs -ing; verbs to infinitive or -ing Reading Part 5 121

22 Conditionals 1

zero conditional; first conditional; unless Reading Part 3 127

23 Conditionals 2

second conditional; I wish Reading Part 4 133

24 The passive

passive forms and uses; to have something done Reading Part 2 139

25 Reported speech 1

reporting what someone said; words which change Writing Part 1 145

26 Reported speech 2

said and told; other verbs used for reporting; reporting questions; polite questions Reading Part 4 151

27 Relative clauses

which, who and that; where and whose Reading Part2 157

28 So/such; too/enough

so/such ( that); enough and too ( to infinitive and for) Writing Part 1 163

29 Linking words 1

Because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to Reading Part 3 169

30 Linking words 2

but/(al)though; in spite of/despite; both ... and; either ... or Reading Part 1 175

Recording scripts 181

Key 197

Grammar glossary 215