1. Introduction 1
1.1 Carbon materials 1
1.2 Pores in carbon materials 8
1.3 Identi.cation and evaluation of pores in carbons 11
1.4 Purposes and construction of this book 22
1.5 Abbreviations of technical terms employed 24 References 28
2. Syntheses of porous carbons 31
2.1 Microporous carbons 32
2.2 Mesoporous carbons 85
2.3 Macroporous carbons 145
2.4 Hierarchically porous carbons 198 References 212
3. Porous carbons for energy storage and conversion 239
3.1 Rechargeable batteries 241
3.2 Supercapacitors 316
3.3 Hybrid cells 369
3.4 Fuel cells 407
3.5 Hydrogen storage 441
3.6 Storage of methane and methane hydrate 461
3.7 Thermal energy storage 472 References 497
4. Porous carbons for environment remediation 541
4.1 Adsorption 542
4.2 Gas separation 645
4.3 Capacitive deionization 661
4.4 Electromagnetic interference shielding 700
4.5 Sensing 725 References 764
vi Contents
5. Concluding remarks and prospects 803
5.1 Concluding remarks 803
5.2 Constraint and reaction space in carbons, pores 811 References 843
Index 849