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磧口古鎮
透明土模型試驗技術及其應用(英文版) 版權信息
- ISBN：9787030748935
- 條形碼：9787030748935 ; 978-7-03-074893-5
- 裝幀：一般膠版紙
- 冊數：暫無
- 重量：暫無
- 所屬分類：>
透明土模型試驗技術及其應用(英文版) 本書特色
透明土模型試驗技術一門新興的試驗力學技術，結合了材料、激光散斑、數字圖像和工程應用等多個交叉學科的知識，也是當今*先進的巖土和顆粒物質力學領域的測試技術之一。
透明土模型試驗技術及其應用(英文版) 內容簡介
本書主要內容分為三個部分。**部分(PartI)主要介紹了配置透明土的多種材料以及透明土的巖土工程性質（靜力和動力）。第二部分（PartII）主要介紹了激光散斑成像和數字圖像處理技術，包括二維圖像處理和三維的透明土模型層析掃描成像和重構技術。第三部分(PartIII)主要介紹了透明土模型試驗技術的應用，包括透明土模型試驗技術在研究樁基礎、管樁貫入、樁-土-承臺相互作用，碎石樁等方面的應用，以及透明土模型試驗技術在化學注漿加固等方面的應用。
透明土模型試驗技術及其應用(英文版) 目錄
Contents
Part I Transparent Materials
1 Introduction 3
References 4
2 Transparent Sand of Silica Gel 5
2.1 Static Properties of Silica Gel 6
2.2 Dynamic Properties of Silica Gel 9
2.2.1 Resonant Column Tests and Sample Preparation 9
2.2.2 Shear Modulus of Silica Gel 10
2.2.3 Comparison with Shear Modulus of Clay，Sand
and Gravel 15
2.2.4 Damping Ratio of Silica Gel 17
2.3 Summary and Conclusions 21
References 22
3 Transparent Sand of Fused Quartz 25
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Static Properties of Fused Quartz 25
3.2.1 Materials 26
3.2.2 Stress-Strain Curves of Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz 27
3.2.3 Shear Strength 29
3.2.4 Pore Pressure 30
3.2.5 Deviatoric Stress and Stress Ratio 31
3.2.6 Summary 32
3.3 Geotechnical Properties of Fused Quartz with Different Pore Fluid 32
3.3.1 Fused Quartz and Pore Ruid 33
3.3.2 Experimental Program 34
3.3.3 Testing Results 34
3.3.4 Critical State Line 38
3.3.5 Duncan-Chang Model for Transparent Soils 38
3.3.6 Summary 42
3.4 Dynamic Properties for Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz 42
3.4.1 Experiment 42
3.4.2 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Fused Quartz 43
3.5 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Transparent Soils with Different Pore Fluids 45
3.5.1 Pore Fluids 45
3.5.2 Testing Methods 46
3.5.3 Shear Modulus Influenced by Pore Fluids 49
3.5.4 Damping Ratios Influenced by Pore Fluids 52
3.6 Cyclic Undrained Behavior and Liquefaction Resistance of Transparent Sand Made of Fused Quartz 54
3.6.1 Testing Methods 55
3.6.2 Results and Analysis 55
3.7 Summary 57
References 60
4 Transparent Clay of Carbopol U10 60
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Materials and Manufacture Process 64
4.2.1 Raw Materials 64
4.2.2 Manufacture Processes 66
4.3 Optical Properties of Synthetic Clay 67
4.3.1 Transparency Analysis 67
4.3.2 Speckle Pattern 69
4.4 Geotechnical Properties of Synthetic Clay 70
4.4.1 Shear Strength 70
4.4.2 Consolidation 74
4.4.3 Hydraulic Conductivity 76
4.4.4 Thermal Conductivity 79
4.5 Discussions and Conclusions 80
References 81
5 Transparent Rock 83
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 Testing Methodology 84
5.2.1 Materials and Specimens 84
5.2.2 Test Facilities and Processes 85
5.3 Experimental Results and Discussions 87
5.3.1 Uniaxial Compression Test 87
5.3.2 Brazilian Tensile Test 93
5.4 Conclusions 97
References 97
6 Pore Fluid 101
6.1 Introduction 101
6.2 Low Viscosity Pore Fluid 102
6.2.1 Temperature Variation of the Viscosity and Refractive Index of the Potential Solvents 102
6.2.2 Determination of the Matching Refractive Index of the Matching Pore Fluid 105
6.2.3 Investigation on the Interaction Between the Pore Fluid and the Latex Membrane 106
6.3 New Pore Fluid to Manufacture Transparent Soil 111
6.3.1 Introduction 111
6.3.2 Pore Fluids Tested 114
6.3.3 Apparatus and Procedures 116
6.3.4 Results and Discussions 117
6.4 Summary and Conclusions 129
References 130
Part II Transparent Soil Imaging and Image Processing
7 Laser Speckle Effect 130
7.1 Introduction 135
7.2 Characteristics of Laser Speckle Field 136
7.3 Digital Image of Laser Speckle 137
References 139
8 2D Transparent Soil Imaging and Digital Image Cross-Correlation 141
8.1 2D Transparent Soil Model and Imaging 141
8.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 142
8.3 Main Error Sources in 2D-DIC Measurement 144
8.4 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 147
8.5 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Displacement by DIC 149
8.5.1 Experimental Program 150
8.5.2 Influences of Different Sized Fused Quartz on Displacement Measurement 150
8.5.3 Selecting the Query Window Based on Average Gray Gradient 151
8.5.4 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Query Window Size in DIC 154
8.5.5 Translation Test 155
8.6 Summary 160
References 160
9 Camera Calibration Based on Neural Network Method 163
9.1 Camera Calibration 163
9.2 Neural Network Calibration Method 164
9.3 Angle Error Analysis 168
9.4 Application in DIC and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 170
9.5 Summary and Conclusions 172
References173
10 Three-Dimensional Transparent Soil Imaging and Processing 175
10.1 Introduction 175
10.2 Transparent Soil Model and Testing Set Up 176
10.3 Automatic Tomographic Scanning Measuring Device and Experimental Setup 178
10.4 Optimized Particle Image Velocimetry Image Processing Algorithm 181
10.5 The Calibration Tests 182
10.5.1 The Calibration Tests of Automatic Tomographic
Scanning Measuring Device 182
10.5.2 The Accuracy of the Optimized Image Processing Algorithm 184
10.6 Modified 3D Reconstruction Method 184
10.7 Application to Jacked-Pile Penetration 186
10.7.1 Comparison of the Displacement Pattern Between Flat-Ended Pile and Cone-Ended Pile 186
10.7.2 Deformation Behaviour During Continuous<
Part I Transparent Materials
1 Introduction 3
References 4
2 Transparent Sand of Silica Gel 5
2.1 Static Properties of Silica Gel 6
2.2 Dynamic Properties of Silica Gel 9
2.2.1 Resonant Column Tests and Sample Preparation 9
2.2.2 Shear Modulus of Silica Gel 10
2.2.3 Comparison with Shear Modulus of Clay，Sand
and Gravel 15
2.2.4 Damping Ratio of Silica Gel 17
2.3 Summary and Conclusions 21
References 22
3 Transparent Sand of Fused Quartz 25
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Static Properties of Fused Quartz 25
3.2.1 Materials 26
3.2.2 Stress-Strain Curves of Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz 27
3.2.3 Shear Strength 29
3.2.4 Pore Pressure 30
3.2.5 Deviatoric Stress and Stress Ratio 31
3.2.6 Summary 32
3.3 Geotechnical Properties of Fused Quartz with Different Pore Fluid 32
3.3.1 Fused Quartz and Pore Ruid 33
3.3.2 Experimental Program 34
3.3.3 Testing Results 34
3.3.4 Critical State Line 38
3.3.5 Duncan-Chang Model for Transparent Soils 38
3.3.6 Summary 42
3.4 Dynamic Properties for Transparent Soil of Fused Quartz 42
3.4.1 Experiment 42
3.4.2 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Fused Quartz 43
3.5 Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Transparent Soils with Different Pore Fluids 45
3.5.1 Pore Fluids 45
3.5.2 Testing Methods 46
3.5.3 Shear Modulus Influenced by Pore Fluids 49
3.5.4 Damping Ratios Influenced by Pore Fluids 52
3.6 Cyclic Undrained Behavior and Liquefaction Resistance of Transparent Sand Made of Fused Quartz 54
3.6.1 Testing Methods 55
3.6.2 Results and Analysis 55
3.7 Summary 57
References 60
4 Transparent Clay of Carbopol U10 60
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Materials and Manufacture Process 64
4.2.1 Raw Materials 64
4.2.2 Manufacture Processes 66
4.3 Optical Properties of Synthetic Clay 67
4.3.1 Transparency Analysis 67
4.3.2 Speckle Pattern 69
4.4 Geotechnical Properties of Synthetic Clay 70
4.4.1 Shear Strength 70
4.4.2 Consolidation 74
4.4.3 Hydraulic Conductivity 76
4.4.4 Thermal Conductivity 79
4.5 Discussions and Conclusions 80
References 81
5 Transparent Rock 83
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 Testing Methodology 84
5.2.1 Materials and Specimens 84
5.2.2 Test Facilities and Processes 85
5.3 Experimental Results and Discussions 87
5.3.1 Uniaxial Compression Test 87
5.3.2 Brazilian Tensile Test 93
5.4 Conclusions 97
References 97
6 Pore Fluid 101
6.1 Introduction 101
6.2 Low Viscosity Pore Fluid 102
6.2.1 Temperature Variation of the Viscosity and Refractive Index of the Potential Solvents 102
6.2.2 Determination of the Matching Refractive Index of the Matching Pore Fluid 105
6.2.3 Investigation on the Interaction Between the Pore Fluid and the Latex Membrane 106
6.3 New Pore Fluid to Manufacture Transparent Soil 111
6.3.1 Introduction 111
6.3.2 Pore Fluids Tested 114
6.3.3 Apparatus and Procedures 116
6.3.4 Results and Discussions 117
6.4 Summary and Conclusions 129
References 130
Part II Transparent Soil Imaging and Image Processing
7 Laser Speckle Effect 130
7.1 Introduction 135
7.2 Characteristics of Laser Speckle Field 136
7.3 Digital Image of Laser Speckle 137
References 139
8 2D Transparent Soil Imaging and Digital Image Cross-Correlation 141
8.1 2D Transparent Soil Model and Imaging 141
8.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 142
8.3 Main Error Sources in 2D-DIC Measurement 144
8.4 Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 147
8.5 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Displacement by DIC 149
8.5.1 Experimental Program 150
8.5.2 Influences of Different Sized Fused Quartz on Displacement Measurement 150
8.5.3 Selecting the Query Window Based on Average Gray Gradient 151
8.5.4 Influences of Fused Quartz Grain Size on the Query Window Size in DIC 154
8.5.5 Translation Test 155
8.6 Summary 160
References 160
9 Camera Calibration Based on Neural Network Method 163
9.1 Camera Calibration 163
9.2 Neural Network Calibration Method 164
9.3 Angle Error Analysis 168
9.4 Application in DIC and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 170
9.5 Summary and Conclusions 172
References173
10 Three-Dimensional Transparent Soil Imaging and Processing 175
10.1 Introduction 175
10.2 Transparent Soil Model and Testing Set Up 176
10.3 Automatic Tomographic Scanning Measuring Device and Experimental Setup 178
10.4 Optimized Particle Image Velocimetry Image Processing Algorithm 181
10.5 The Calibration Tests 182
10.5.1 The Calibration Tests of Automatic Tomographic
Scanning Measuring Device 182
10.5.2 The Accuracy of the Optimized Image Processing Algorithm 184
10.6 Modified 3D Reconstruction Method 184
10.7 Application to Jacked-Pile Penetration 186
10.7.1 Comparison of the Displacement Pattern Between Flat-Ended Pile and Cone-Ended Pile 186
10.7.2 Deformation Behaviour During Continuous<
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透明土模型試驗技術及其應用(英文版) 節選
About the Authors Dr. Honghua Zhao received Ph.D. from the University of Missouri-Rolla (now Missouri University of Science and Technology)， USA. She is currently an associate professor at Department of Engineering Mechanics， Dalian University of Technology， China. In her Ph.D. studies， she has studied the transparent soil modelling technique. She developed a scanning three-dimensional imaging system for the 3D deformation measurement and reconstruction in transparent soil modelling. She has published over 40 technical papers. In addition， she has co-authored three books and co-edited one conference proceedings. In 2016，she received Endeavour Australia Cheung Kong Research Fellowship awards. She has presided over three National Natural Science Foundation projects. Dr. Gangqiang Kong received a Ph.D. degree from Dalian University of Technology， China. He is currently a professor at College of Civil and Transportation Engineering， Hohai University， China. He is also a young and middle-aged academic leader of the Qinglan Project in Jiangsu University and the deputy director of the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering. His research focuses on energy geotechnics. He presided over five National Natural Science Foundation projects and participated in the National Natural Science Foundation Major/Key Projects and 111 Project. He received the second prize of National Technical Invention (rank 4/6) and the first prize of Liaoning Province and Hubei Province scientific and technological progress (rank 3/11，4/15，respectively). He is concurrently serving as a member of the Energy Geotechnics Committee of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (TC308)， the vice chairman of the Energy Geotechnics Committee of the Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics & Engineering and the editorial board members for Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment and Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. Dr. Wanghua Sui received his Ph.D. from China University of Mining and Technology in 1993. He is currently a professor in Mine Hydrogeology and Engineering geology at School of Resources and Geosciences， China University of Mining and Technology. His research interests include mine engineering geology， mine hydrogeology， geological hazards prevention and grouting. He has published more than 100 technical papers and six books. He received the 2001 National Teaching Achievement Award， 2008 Scientific Awards from the Ministry of Education， P. R. China， etc. Part I Transparent Materials Chapter 1 Introduction Abstract The opaque properties of natural soils make the visual observation of soil-structure interaction and measurement of soil deformation a great challenge. Transparent soils made of transparent solids and matching refractive index pore fluid is an innovative technique to overcome this difficulty， with the digital image processing technique， the full field deformation inside the transparent soil can be successfully obtained. This book presents the state art of the transparent soil modelling techniques and its applications in various field. Natural soil is opaque which poses difficulty for people to observe what really happened inside the soil mass when studying soil deformation under external loading， soil-structure interaction， slop failure etc. Even though there have been methods such as computer tomography (CT)，X-ray tomography， magnetic resonance imaging (MRT) available to make the observation of the interior deformation of soils possible， these techniques are limited in laboratory research because of its high costs and small model scale level. Searching a suitable transparent material to substitute natural soil is a continuing research topic for many researchers. An important aspect of transparent soil modeling is to find the appropriate transparent solids to simulate the behavior of the investigated soil/rock. Many types of different materials have been tried more than decades. Crushed glass [1]， resin[2]were used to substitute the soils/rock. However， crushed glass was found too angular， stiff and brittle to substitute natural soils (sand). With the continuing effort of numerous trials and tests， a few types of materials were found which can make transparent soils to substitute sand， clay， rock etc. [3， 4] found that silica gel with refractive index matching pore fluid can be used to manufacture the transparent soil with similar behavior as sand， while amorphous silica can be used to substitute clay. Aqua beads were used to model marine deposit [5]. Further， fused quartz is found to manufacture transparent soil with more close behavior with natural sand [6] which is frequently used now. Currently more new types of transparent soils are emerging， such as Laponite_RD， Carpobol U10 etc.， which were used to modelling clay [7，8]. In this chapter， two types of typical transparent solids to make transpare
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