Contents

I Foundational concepts 1
1 The meaning of meaning 3
2 Referring, denoting, and expressing 15
3 Truth and inference 35
4 The logic of truth 53

II Word meanings 77
5 Word senses 79
6 Lexical sense relations 107
7 Components of lexical meaning 119

III Implicature 137
8 Grice��s theory of implicature 139
9 Pragmatic inference after Grice 161
10 Indirect speech acts 179
11 Conventional implicature and use-conditional meaning 197

IV Compositional semantics 215
12 How meanings are composed 217
13 Modeling compositionality 229
14 Quantifiers 253
15 Intensional contexts 273

V Modals, conditionals, and causation 291
16 Modality 293
17 Evidentiality 317
18 Because 329
19 Conditionals 347

VI Tense & aspect 377
20 Aspect and Aktionsart 379
21 Tense 405
22 Varieties of the perfect 427

References 453
Index 475