Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1��1 Challenges to Hydrological Monitoring
1��1��1 New Objectives for Social Development
1��1��2 New Requirements for Flood Control and Drought Relie
1��1��3 New Demands for Water Resources Management
1��1��4 New Tasks for Protection of Ecological Environment
1��1��5 New Requirements for Construction and Operation of Water Projects
1��1��6 Technical Support and Guarantee Provided by Information-based Society
1��2 Demands on Hydrological Monitoring
1��2��1 Requirements of Flood Control Safety on Hydrological Monitoring
1��2��2 Demands on Hydrological Monitoring in Various Types of Construction Projects
1��2��3 Demands on Hydrological Monitoring by the Strictest Water Resource Management
1��2��4 Other Demands on Hydrological Monitoring of the Society
1��3 Research Purpose

Chapter 2 Modern HydrologicaI Monitoring System
2��1 Development of Hydrological Monitoring System in China
2��1��1 Before
2��1��2 1949 to 1957
2��1��3 1958 to the end of 1978
2��1��4 The end of1978 to
2��1��5 After 2007
2��2 Overview of Hydrological Monitoring Systems in Other Countries
2��2��1 Hydrological Monitoring in USA
2��2��2 Brief Introduction to Hydrological Monitoring in Other Countries
2��3 Modem HydrologicaI Monitoring Systems������
2��3��1 Composition of a Hydrological Monitoring System
2��3��2 Differences in Hydrological Monitoring Systems at Home and Abroad
2��3��3 Problems with Hydrological Monitoring System in China
2��3��4 Innovation of Modern Hydrological Monitoring Systems
2��4 Development of Existing Technical Standards
2��4��1 Overview of Existing Standards in China
2��4��2 Adaptability Evaluation of Major Standards in Use

Chapter 3 Precipitation and Evaporation Observation
3��1 Precipitation Observation
3��1��1 Requirements and Methods of Precipitation Observation
3��1��2 Manual Observation of Precipitatio
3��1��3 Manual Observation of Solid Precipitation
3��1��4 Introduction to Siphon Rainfall Recorder
3��1��5 Tipping-bucket Rainfall Recorder
3��1��6 Weighing Rainfall Recorders
3��1��7 Introduction to the Stage-measuring Type Rainfall Recorders
3��1��8 Optical Rainfall Recorders
3��1��9 Rain and Snow Recorders
3��1��10 Snow Gauges
3��1��11 Output and Record of Precipitation Observation Data
3��1��12 Installation of Precipitation Observation Instruments
3��1��13 Brief Description of Precipitation Observation Errors
3��1��14 Brief Description of Precipitation Monitoring by Radar
3��2 Observation of Water Surface Evaporatio
3��2��1 Requirements on Observation of Water Surface Evaporation
3��2��2 20 cm-diameter Evaporation Pans
3��2��3 E601B Evaporation Pan
3��2��4 Evaporation Pan Used Abroad
3��2��5 Evaporimeter
3��2��6 Large-sized Water Surface Evaporation Yard
3��2��7 Brief Description of Evaporation Observation Error

Chapter 4 Stage Observation
4��1 Methods and Requirements for Stage Observation
4��1��1 Methods for Stage Observation
4��1��2 Requirements for Stage Observation
4��2 Equipment for Stage Observation
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Chapter 5 Discharge Measurement
Chapter 6 Sediment Measurement
Chapter 7 Monitoring of Groundwater and Soil Moisture
Chapter 8 Fast Field Monitoring and Automatic Online Monitoring of Water Quality
Chapter 9 Aquatic Ecology Monitoring
Chapter 10 Underwater Topographic Survey
Chapter 11 Emergency Monitoring
Chapter 12 Organization and Implementation of Hydrometric Tour Gauging
Chapter 13 Hydrological Data Auto-acquisition and Transmission System
Chapter 14 Hydrologic Data Processing and Management
Chapter 15 Prospects
References