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固化復合吸附劑特性及其在能源轉換中的應用(英文版) 版權信息
- ISBN：9787030685810
- 條形碼：9787030685810 ; 978-7-03-068581-0
- 裝幀：一般膠版紙
- 冊數：暫無
- 重量：暫無
- 所屬分類：>
固化復合吸附劑特性及其在能源轉換中的應用(英文版) 內容簡介
化學吸附技術是實現中低溫熱能轉換的有效技術，但較低的導熱系數和結塊現象極大地影響了其性能。近20年來，研究人員探索了利用導熱多孔基質改善其傳熱傳質性能，研究成果所形成的復合固化吸附技術，目前廣泛應用于制冷、取水、除NOx、傳熱和儲能等領域。本文綜述了固化復合吸附劑的性能和能量轉換技術的**進展，包括制備方法、傳質傳質特性、動力學模型以及不同吸附循環在能量轉換中的應用。
固化復合吸附劑特性及其在能源轉換中的應用(英文版) 目錄
Contents
Introduction1
1.lSolid Sorption Phenomena 2
1.2Fundamental Principle of Solid Sorption 4
1.3Solid Sorption Working Pairs5
1.4Solid Composite Sorbents with ENG Matrix 6
1.5Solid Sorption Theory 8
1.6 Energy Conversion Cycles of Solid Composite Sorbents10
References 11
Development of Solid Composite Sorbents15
2.1Techniques for Processing Natural Graphite15
2.1.1 ENG without Glc16
2.1.2 ENG-GICs 17
2.2Techniques for Developing the Composite Solid Sorbentswith ENG 20
2.2.1 Simple Mixture and Consolidation 20
2.2.2 Impregnation and Compression 27
2.3Techniques for Developing the Composjite Solid Sorbentswith Activated Carbon Fiber or Activated Carbon 31
2.3.1 The Characteristics of Active Carbon Fiber31
2.3.2 Composite Sorbent with Activated Carbon Fiberas Matrix 52
2.3.3 Composite Sorbent with Activated Carbon as Matrix35
2.4Techniques for Developing the Composite Solid Sorbents with Silica Gel 36References 40
3 Properties of Solid Composite Sorbents 43
3.1 Properties of Consolidated ENG 43
3.1.1Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Permeabilityof CENG without GlCs 44
3.1.2 Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Permeability of CENG-GICs 46
3.2Properties of Composite Solid Sorbents with ENG 54
3.2.1 The Physical Composite Sorbents54
3.2.2 The Chemical Composite Sorbents 63
3.3 Properties of Composite Solid Sorbents with Activated Carbon and Activated Carbon Fiber81
3.3.1 Composite Solid Sorbents with Activated Carbon81
3.3.2Composite Solid Sorbents with Activated Carbon Fiber84
3.4 Properties of Composite Solid Sorbents with Silica Gel85
3.4.1 Composite Sorbents of Silica Gel and CaClz85
3.4.2 The Composite Sorbent of Silica Gel and LiCl87
3.4.3 The Comparison between Activated Carbon Fiber and Silica Gel as Matrix 89
References 93
Klnetics of Solid Composite Sorbents97
4.1Typical Principles and Phenomena99
4.1.1 Clapeyron Equation 99
4.1.2 Precursor State of Solid Chemisorption in Halide-Ammonia 103
4.1.3 The Desorption Hysteresis Phenomenon110
4.2Analysis of Five Classicai Kinetic Models110
4.2.1 An Analogical Model Considering Various Classifications of Kinetic Parameters 110
4.2.2An Analogical Model Uncoupling the Kinetic and Thermal Equation 111
4.2.3 An Analytical Model Based on the Thermophysical Properties of the Reaction Medium 113
4.2.4 Phenomenological Grain-Pellet Model115
4.2.5A Numerical Model for CHPs116
4.3Sorption Phenomena in Halide-Ammonia Working Pairs Developments in Recent Years 117
4.3.1 Non-equilibrium Clapeyron Figure
4.3.2 New Discoveries Related to Sorption Hysteresis118
4.3.3 Part of the Composite Sorbent Models 122
4.4The Development Direction of Kinetic Models for Further Research 123
References 123
sSolid Sorption Cycle for Refrigeration Water Production Eliminating NOEmission and Heat Transfer129
5.1Solid Sorption Cycle for Refrigeration 129
5.1.1Single-Stage Solid Sorption Refrigeration Cycle 130
5.1.2Two-Stage Chemisorption Cycle with CaCl/BaClp-NH: Working Pair138
5.1.3 A MnCl/CaCl;-NHs Two-Stage Solid Sorption Freezing System for the Refrigerated Truck151
5.2Solid Sorption Cycle for Water Production 175
5.2.1 Principle of the Cycle and System Design 177
5.2.2The Lab System Driven by Electricity 180
5.2.3 The Test System Driven by Solar Power187
5.2.4 Scalable Prototype with Energy Storage Tank 192
5.3Solid Sorption Cycle for Eliminating NOEmission 197
5.3.1 Working Principle199
5.3.2Theoretical Performance Analysis of Halide-NH3 Chemisorption 201
5.3.3 Results of Composite Sorbents-NH; 204
5.4Solid Sorption Cycle for Heat Transfer 208
5.4.1 Fundamentals of SSHP 209
5.4.2Experimental Setup211
5.4.3 Thermal Performance of SSHP 214
References221
6 Solid Sorption Cycle for Energy Storage， Electricity Generation and Cogeneration225
6.1Solid Sorption Cycle for Energy Storage228
6.1.1Establishment of the Heat and Refrigeration Cogeneration Cycle 230
6.1.2 Performance Analysis
6.1.3 Results and Discussions 235
6.2Solid Sorption Cycle for Electricity and Refrigeration Cogeneration 241
6.2.1 Cogeneration Principle and Theoretical Analysis 241
6.2.2Experiment Set-up 243
6.2.3 Results and Discussions244
6.3Resorption Cycle for Electricity and Refrigeration Cogeneration 252
6.3.1 Design and Performance Analysis of a Resorption Cogeneration System252
6.3.2An Optimized Chemisorption Cycle for Power Generation 261
References 276
Index 279
Introduction1
1.lSolid Sorption Phenomena 2
1.2Fundamental Principle of Solid Sorption 4
1.3Solid Sorption Working Pairs5
1.4Solid Composite Sorbents with ENG Matrix 6
1.5Solid Sorption Theory 8
1.6 Energy Conversion Cycles of Solid Composite Sorbents10
References 11
Development of Solid Composite Sorbents15
2.1Techniques for Processing Natural Graphite15
2.1.1 ENG without Glc16
2.1.2 ENG-GICs 17
2.2Techniques for Developing the Composite Solid Sorbentswith ENG 20
2.2.1 Simple Mixture and Consolidation 20
2.2.2 Impregnation and Compression 27
2.3Techniques for Developing the Composjite Solid Sorbentswith Activated Carbon Fiber or Activated Carbon 31
2.3.1 The Characteristics of Active Carbon Fiber31
2.3.2 Composite Sorbent with Activated Carbon Fiberas Matrix 52
2.3.3 Composite Sorbent with Activated Carbon as Matrix35
2.4Techniques for Developing the Composite Solid Sorbents with Silica Gel 36References 40
3 Properties of Solid Composite Sorbents 43
3.1 Properties of Consolidated ENG 43
3.1.1Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Permeabilityof CENG without GlCs 44
3.1.2 Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Permeability of CENG-GICs 46
3.2Properties of Composite Solid Sorbents with ENG 54
3.2.1 The Physical Composite Sorbents54
3.2.2 The Chemical Composite Sorbents 63
3.3 Properties of Composite Solid Sorbents with Activated Carbon and Activated Carbon Fiber81
3.3.1 Composite Solid Sorbents with Activated Carbon81
3.3.2Composite Solid Sorbents with Activated Carbon Fiber84
3.4 Properties of Composite Solid Sorbents with Silica Gel85
3.4.1 Composite Sorbents of Silica Gel and CaClz85
3.4.2 The Composite Sorbent of Silica Gel and LiCl87
3.4.3 The Comparison between Activated Carbon Fiber and Silica Gel as Matrix 89
References 93
Klnetics of Solid Composite Sorbents97
4.1Typical Principles and Phenomena99
4.1.1 Clapeyron Equation 99
4.1.2 Precursor State of Solid Chemisorption in Halide-Ammonia 103
4.1.3 The Desorption Hysteresis Phenomenon110
4.2Analysis of Five Classicai Kinetic Models110
4.2.1 An Analogical Model Considering Various Classifications of Kinetic Parameters 110
4.2.2An Analogical Model Uncoupling the Kinetic and Thermal Equation 111
4.2.3 An Analytical Model Based on the Thermophysical Properties of the Reaction Medium 113
4.2.4 Phenomenological Grain-Pellet Model115
4.2.5A Numerical Model for CHPs116
4.3Sorption Phenomena in Halide-Ammonia Working Pairs Developments in Recent Years 117
4.3.1 Non-equilibrium Clapeyron Figure
4.3.2 New Discoveries Related to Sorption Hysteresis118
4.3.3 Part of the Composite Sorbent Models 122
4.4The Development Direction of Kinetic Models for Further Research 123
References 123
sSolid Sorption Cycle for Refrigeration Water Production Eliminating NOEmission and Heat Transfer129
5.1Solid Sorption Cycle for Refrigeration 129
5.1.1Single-Stage Solid Sorption Refrigeration Cycle 130
5.1.2Two-Stage Chemisorption Cycle with CaCl/BaClp-NH: Working Pair138
5.1.3 A MnCl/CaCl;-NHs Two-Stage Solid Sorption Freezing System for the Refrigerated Truck151
5.2Solid Sorption Cycle for Water Production 175
5.2.1 Principle of the Cycle and System Design 177
5.2.2The Lab System Driven by Electricity 180
5.2.3 The Test System Driven by Solar Power187
5.2.4 Scalable Prototype with Energy Storage Tank 192
5.3Solid Sorption Cycle for Eliminating NOEmission 197
5.3.1 Working Principle199
5.3.2Theoretical Performance Analysis of Halide-NH3 Chemisorption 201
5.3.3 Results of Composite Sorbents-NH; 204
5.4Solid Sorption Cycle for Heat Transfer 208
5.4.1 Fundamentals of SSHP 209
5.4.2Experimental Setup211
5.4.3 Thermal Performance of SSHP 214
References221
6 Solid Sorption Cycle for Energy Storage， Electricity Generation and Cogeneration225
6.1Solid Sorption Cycle for Energy Storage228
6.1.1Establishment of the Heat and Refrigeration Cogeneration Cycle 230
6.1.2 Performance Analysis
6.1.3 Results and Discussions 235
6.2Solid Sorption Cycle for Electricity and Refrigeration Cogeneration 241
6.2.1 Cogeneration Principle and Theoretical Analysis 241
6.2.2Experiment Set-up 243
6.2.3 Results and Discussions244
6.3Resorption Cycle for Electricity and Refrigeration Cogeneration 252
6.3.1 Design and Performance Analysis of a Resorption Cogeneration System252
6.3.2An Optimized Chemisorption Cycle for Power Generation 261
References 276
Index 279
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固化復合吸附劑特性及其在能源轉換中的應用(英文版) 節選
Chapter 1Introduction Abstract In this chapter， we give a summary for the solid composite sorbents，including the fundamental principle， theory and working pairs of solid sorption，properties of composite sorbents with expanded natural graphite(ENG) matrix， aswell as the energy conversion cycles of solid composite sorbents. Basically，thefeatures and the development of solid composite sorbents are djscussed thoroughly.Keywords Composite sorbent Expanded natural graphite - Working pair Cycle - Energy conversion Sustainable development is the common pursuit of people all over the world， and forwhich the energy utilization is the key factor. The rapid development of economyis usually accompanied by huge energy consumption. as well as the pollution to theenvironment. One important strategy for the sustainable development is to coordinatethe relations among the energy utilization， economy development and environmentalprotection. In terms of environmental protection，the destruction of the ozone layer bychlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) has become a recognized problem all over the world.CFCs are very important substances in compression refrigeration. As an alternativesubstance，HCFCs can only be used temporarily because they also affect the ozonelayer. At the same time， for central heating， the combustion of gas and coal increasescarbon dioxide emissions. As people all over the world demand more and morecomfortable living conditions， the increasingly serious greenhouse effect and ozonelayer depletion have gotten more and more attention. To find a type of green tech-nology for air conditioning， heat pump， energy storage， and electricity generation isvery important for solving the problems caused by the conventional technology.Another key issue for refrigeration and heat pump is the energy utilization.Conventional compression refrigerators and heat pumps are usually driven by elec-tricity. The electricity demand increases fast with the development of the society.According to data provided by the Us Department of Energy，air conditioningaccounts for about 12% of US home energy expenditures in 2018-2019.Meanwhile，the electricity consumption by the airconditioner in China occupies 34%e of the whole world consumption in 2018-2019.The energy efficiency of electricity generation bythermal power plant is only about 40% to 50%， of which a great part of the energyhas been released to the environment as the waste heat with the temperature around70-200 °C. Meanwhile the solar energy and geothermal heat also exist with greatamount in the environment as low-grade energy. The development of refrigeration，heat pump and energy storage technologies driven by low-grade thermal energy suchas factory waste heat， solar energy，and geothermal energy will be a solution for futureenergy conservation. Sorption refrigeration， heat pump， energy storage and water production technolo-gies are driven by low-grade thermal energy and adopt green refrigerants，whichare in harmony with the current energy and environmental sustainability require-ments. First of all， sorption refrigeration technology has very low requirements forelectricity. Secondly， the refrigerants of sorption refrigeration are generally water，ammonia，methanol and other substances，which are green refrigerants with zeroODP(ozone depletion potential) and zero GwP(greenbouse effect potentia]). a kind of sorption technology， the solid sorption has received more and moreattention since the 1970s. Compared with absorption refrigeration technology， thesolid sorption refrigeration has great scopes of sorbents，including different phys-ical and chemical sorbents，which could satisfy the low-grade heat in the range of50-400 °C. Secondly，solid sorption refrigeration does not require solution pumpsand rectification equipments， so there are no refrigerant pollution and solution crys-tallization problems that often occur in absorption refrigeration technology. But ingeneral， the efficiency of solid sorption refrigeration is not as good as absorptionrefrigeration， and the solid sorption bed also has the disadvantage of large size. Solidsorption technology has been recognized as an essential supplementary technologyfor the absorption technology because of these advantages and disadvantages. 1.1Solid Sorption Phenomena According to the different forces for solid sorption processes，the solid sorptionis divided into physical solid sorption and solid chemisorption[1]. The physicalsolid sorption is accomplished by van der Waals forces among the molecules， whichgenerally occur on the surface of the sorbent. The physical solid sorption doesn'thave the selectivity， which means the multi-layer solid sorption can be formed.Thephenomenon of physical solid sorption can be regarded as the condensation processof the refrigerant inside the sorbent. For most sorbents， the heat of solid sorptionis similar to the condensation heat of the refrigerant. The sorbent molecules forthe physical soli
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