Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The development of organic chemistry
1.2 The structural theory of organic chemistry
1.3 Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases
1.4 Lewis acids and bases
1.5 Function groups and classify of organic chemical compounds
1.6 How to learn organic chemistry
1.7 Linus Pauling
Problems
Chapter 2 Alkanes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nomenclature of alkanes
2.3 Structure and conformations of alkanes
2.4 Physical properties of alkanes
2.5 Chemical properties of alkanes
2.6 Occurrence and uses of alkanes
2.7 Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff
Problems
Chapter 3 Alkenes
3.1 Structure of alkenes and cis-trans isomerism of alkenes
3.2 Nomenclature of alkenes
3.3 Physical properties of alkenes
3.4 Preparation and uses of alkenes
3.5 Chemical properties of alkenes
3.6 Polymer and plastics Problems
Chapter 4 Dienes and Conjugation
4.1 Nomenclature of dienes
4.2 Structure and stability of conjugated dienes
4.3 Chemical properties of conjugated dienes
4.4 Rubber
4.5 Otto Paul Hermann Diels
4.6 Kurt Alder
Problems
Chapter 5 Cycloalkanes
5.1 Nomenclature of cycloalkanes
5.2 Stabilities of cycloalkanes
5.3 Structures and conformation of cycloalkanes
5.4 Chemical properties of cycloalkanes
Problems
Chapter 6 Alkynes
6.1 Structure of alkynes
6.2 Nomenclature of alkynes
6.3 Physical properties of alkynes
6.4 Preparation and uses of alkynes
6.5 Chemical properties of alkynes
Problems
Chapter 7 Stereochemistry
7.1 Plane-polarized light and optical activity
7.2 Enantiomers and chirality
7.3 Fischer projections
7.4 Configuration, representation and nomenclature of steroisomers
7.5 Diastereomers
7.6 Chirality and molecular dissymmetry
7.7 The resolution of a racemic mixture
7.8 Asymmetric synthesis
Problems
Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nomenclature of alkyl halides
8.3 The structure and physical properties of alkyl halides
8.4 Nucleophilic substitution reactions
8.5 Kinetics of a nucleophilic substitution reaction: an SN2 reaction
8.6 The reaction of tert-butyl chloride with hydroxide ion: an SN1 reaction
8.7 Factors affecting the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions
8.8 Organic synthesis: functional group transformations using SN2 reactions
8.9 Elimination reactions of alkyl halides
8.10 Mechanisms of dehydrohalogenations
8.11 Substitution versus elimination
8.12 Overall summary Problems
Chapter 9 Benzene and Aromatic Chemistry
9.1 Structure of benzene and aromaticity
9.2 Nomenclature of benzene derivatives
9.3 Physical properties of benzene derivatives
9.4 Chemical properties of benzene derivatives
9.5 Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of substituted benzenes
9.6 Polycyclic aromatic compounds
9.7 Non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbons
Problems
Chapter 10 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
10.1 Structure of alcohols, phenols and ethers
10.2 Nomenclature of alcohols, phenols and ethers
10.3 Physical properties of alcohols
10.4 Preparation of alcohols
10.5 Chemical properties of alcohols
10.6 Physical properties of phenols
10.7 Preparation of phenols
10.8 Chemical properties of phenols
10.9 Physical properties of ethers
10.10 Preparation of ethers
10.11 Chemical properties of ethers
10.12 Thiols, sulfides and disulfides Problems
Chapter 11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
11.1 Theoretical background
11.2 Shielding
11.3 Chemical shifts
11.4 Integration curve
11.5 Spin-spin coupling
11.6 The NMR spectrometer
11.7 13C-NMR
11.8 Medical application of NMR spectroscopy Problems
Chapter 12 Infrared Spectroscopy
12.1 Theoretical background
12.2 The infrared spectrometer
12.3 Characteristic absorption of functional groups
12.4 Identifying infrared spectra Probl