CONTENTSChapter 1 Introduction 1CHAPTER OUTLINE 1A LOOK AHEAD 11.1 Chemistry: A Science for the Twenty-First Century 11.2 The Study of Chemistry 11.3 SI Units 21.4 Significant Figures 31.5 Concentration Units of Solution 5CHEMISTRY in Action 8Questions & Problems 9Chapter 2 Colligative Properties of Solutions 10CHAPTER OUTLINE 10A LOOK AHEAD 102.1 Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions 102.2 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions 17CHEMISTRY in Action 18Questions & Problems 20Chapter 3 Acids and Bases 24CHAPTER OUTLINE 24A LOOK AHEAD 243.1 Br��nsted Acids and Bases 243.2 The Acid-Base Properties of Water 253.3 pH-A Measure of Acidity 263.4 Strength of Acids and Bases 283.5 Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants 303.6 Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants 333.7 Diprotic and Polyprotic Acids 353.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts 373.9 Lewis Acids and Bases 40CHEMISTRY in Action 41Questions & Problems 43Chapter 4 Buffer Solution and Solubility Equilibria 47CHAPTER OUTLINE 47A LOOK AHEAD 474.1 The Common Ion Effect 474.2 Definition and Composition of Buffer Solution 474.3 The Calculations of the pH of Buffer Solutions 484.4 Preparing of Buffer Solution with a Specific pH 494.5 Solubility Equilibria 504.6 Separation of Ions by Fractional Precipitation 544.7 The Common Ion Effect and Solubility 554.8 pH and Solubility 55CHEMISTRY in Action 57Questions & Problems 59Chapter 5 Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry 61CHAPTER OUTLINE 61A LOOK AHEAD 615.1 Basic Definition 615.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 635.3 Enthalpy of Chemical Reaction 655.4 Standard Enthalpy Changes of Reaction 675.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 705.6 Gibbs Free Energy 755.7 Thermodynamics in Living System 77CHEMISTRY in Action 79Questions and Problems 81Appendix Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25�� 83Chapter 6 Chemical Kinetics 87CHAPTER OUTLINE 87A LOOK AHEAD 876.1 The Rate of a Reaction 876.2 The Rate Law 886.3 The Relation Between Reactant Concentration and Time 916.4 Reaction Rate Theory 956.5 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants��The Arrhenius Equation 976.6 Catalysis 99CHEMISTRY in Action 101Questions & Problems 103Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium 107CHAPTER OUTLINE 107A LOOK AHEAD 1077.1 The Concept of Equilibrium and the Equilibrium Constant 1077.2 Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions 1097.3 The Relationship Between Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium 1157.4 Applications of Equilibrium Constant 1157.5 Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium 119CHEMISTRY in Action 123Questions & Problems 125Chapter 8 Electrochemistry 129CHAPTER OUTLINE 129A LOOK AHEAD 1298.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 1298.2 Galvanic Cells 1348.3 Standard Reduction Potentials 1368.4 Thermodynamics of Redox Reactions 1398.5 The Effect of Concentration on Cell Emf 141CHEMISTRY in Action 143Questions & Problems 146Chapter 9 Structure of Atoms and Periodic Relationships Among the Elements 149CHAPTER OUTLINE 149A LOOK AHEAD 1499.1 From Classical Physics to Quantum Theory 1499.2 Bohr��s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom 1529.3 Dual Nature of the Electron 1549.4 Quantum Mechanics 1559.5 Quantum Number 1579.6 Atomic Orbitals and Their Energies 1599.7 Electron Configuration 1629.8 The Periodic Table and Classification of the Elements 1689.9 Periodic Variation in Element Properties 170CHEMISTRY in Action 180Questions & Problems 183Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding and Intermolecular Forces 187CHAPTER OUTLINE 187A LOOK AHEAD 18710.1 Valence Bond Theory 18710.2 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 19410.3 Hybridization in Molecules Containing Multiple Bonds 19910.4 Molecular Orbital Theory 20210.5 Intermolecular Forces 209CHEMISTRY in Action 213Questions & Problems 216Chapter 11 Coordination Compounds 219CHAPTER OUTLINE 219A LOOK AHEAD 21911.1 Overview of Coordination Compounds 21911.2 Structure of Coordination Compounds 22211.3 Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory 22411.4 Reactions of Coordination Compounds 22811.5 Applications of Coordination Compounds 230CHEMISTRY in Action 231Questions & Problems 232Chapter 12 Titrimetric Methods of Analysis 235CHAPTER OUTLINE 235A LOOK AHEAD 23512.1 Uncertainty in Measurement 23512.2 Overview of Titrimetry 23612.3 Acid-Base Titrations 23712.4 Oxidation-Reduction Titration 24212.5 Complexometric Titration 243CHEMISTRY in Action 244Questions & Problems 246Chapter 13 Nuclear Chemistry 249CHAPTER OUTLINE 249A LOOK AHEAD 24913.1