CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS 11 AMINO ACIDS & PEPTIDES 12 PROTEINS: PRIMARY STRUCTURE 83 PROTEINS: HIGHER ORDERS OF STRUCTURE 144 PROTEINS: MYOGLOBIN & HEMOGLOBIN 24CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 331 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 332 DNA CARRIES THE GENETIC INFORMATION 373 CHEMICAL NATURE OF RNA DIFFERS FROM THAT OF DNA 394 ESSENCIAL PROPERTIES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 455 BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 46CHAPTER 3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ENZYME 511 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ENZYME 512 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ENZYMES AND COENZYMES 553 KINETICS OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS 624 REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITIES 69CHAPTER 4 METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES 771 CARBOHYDRATES & ITS DIGESTION/ABSORPTION 772 GLYCOLYSIS 783 AEROBIC OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE 844 PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY & OTHER PATHWAYS OF HEXOSE METABOLISM 935 METABOLISM OF GLYCOGEN 1036 GLUCONEOGENESIS & THE CONTROL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE 111CHAPTER 5 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS 1211 LIPIDS OF PHYSIOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE 1212 OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS 1283 BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS 1374 METABOLISM OF TRIGLYCERIDES 1445 METABOLISM OF CHOLESTEROL 1466 METABOLISM OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS 1507 LIPID TRANSPORT & STORAGE 152CHAPTER 6 BIOENERGETICS 1631 BIOENERGETICS: THE ROLE OF ATP 1632 BIOLOGIC OXIDATION 1683 THE MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN & OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION 172CHAPTER 7 METABOLISM OF AMINO ACID 1841 THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE�� DIGESTION & ABSORPTION OF PROTEIN 1842 CATABOLISM OF PROTEINS & AMINO ACIDS 1863 CATABOLISM OF THE CARBON SKELETONS OF AMINO ACIDS 1954 CONVERSION OF AMINO ACIDS TO SPECILIZED PRODUCTS 210CHAPTER 8 METABOLISM OF PURINE & PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES 2191 BIOSYNTHESIS OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES 2192 DEGRADATION OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES 2233 BIOSYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES 2244 CATABOLISM OF PYRIMIDINES PRODUCES WATER-SOLUBLE METABOLITES 226CHAPTER 9 DNA REPLICATION & REPAIR 2281 DNA REPLICATION 2282 DNA REPAIR 238CHAPTER 10 RNA SYNTHESIS�� PROCESSING & MODIFICATION 2421 RNA SYNTHESIS 2422 RNA PROCESSING & MODIFICATION 252CHAPTER 11 REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION 259BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE 2591 OUTLINE OF GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION 2592 GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION IN PROKARYOTIC 2673 GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION IN EUKARYOTES 274CHAPTER 12 PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS 282BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE 2821 SYSTEM OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 2822 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CAN BE DESCRIBED IN THREE PHASES: INITIATION�� ELONGA TION & TERMINATION 2853 BIOMEDICINE SIGNIFICANCY OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 2924 INTRACELLULAR TRAFFIC & SORTING OF PROTEINS 2975 PROTEIN FOLDING AND DEGRA- DATION AS WELL AS ASSAMBLY OF MEMBRANCE 307CHAPTER 13 ESSENCIAL TECHNIQUES FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 3171 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY INVOLVES ISOLATION AND MANIPULATION OF DNA 3172 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY ARE NUMEROUS 328CHAPTER 14 BIOCHEMISTRY OF EXTRACELLULAR & INTRACELLULAR COMMUNI-CATION 3361 MEMBRANES: STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 3362 THE DIVERSITY OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 3563 HORMONE ACTION & SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 359CHAPTER 15 NUTRIENTS: VITAMINS & MINERALS 3771 LIPID-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 3772 WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS 384CHAPTER 16 FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS 3941 FREE RADICALS 3942 ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS 396CHAPTER 17 GLYCOPROTEINS 3991 OVERVIEW OF GLYCOPROTEIN 3992 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GLYCAN IN GLYCOPROTEIN 403CHAPTER 18 THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 4211 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COLLAGEN & ELASTIN 4212 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FIBRONECTIN & LAMIN 4263 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS & PROTEOGLYCANS 4284 BONE AND CARTILAGE 435CHAPTER 19 PLASMA PROTEINS & IMMUNOGLOBULINS 4421 THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MAJOR PLASMA PROTEINS 4422 PLASMA PROTEINS INVOLVED IN MAINTAINING IRON HOMEOSTASIS 4473 PLASMA IMMUNOGLOBULINS 459CHAPTER 20 METABOLISM OF XENOBIOTICS 4661 INTRODUCTION 4662 BIOTRANSFORMATION 466CHAPTER 21 CANCER: AN OVERVIEW 4711 INTRODUCTION 4712 ONCOGENES�� TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND GROWTH FACTORS 4723 THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF TUMORIGENESIS 476CHINESE-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 486