CONTENTSChapter 1 Language and Linguistics1.1What is Language1.2The Design Features of Language1.3The Origin of Language1.4What is Linguistics1.5The Scope of Linguistics1.6A Brief History of LinguisticsChapter 2Phonetics and Phonology: The Sounds and Sound Patterns of Language2.1Introduction2.2Phonetics2.3Phonology2.4SummaryChapter 3Morphology: The Word Structure of Language3.1Introduction3.2The Words of Language3.3The Structure of Words3.4Morpheme, Morph and Allomorph3.5Classification of Morphemes3.6Word Formation Processes3.7SummaryChapter 4Syntax: The Sentence Structure of Language4.1Introduction4.2Sentence Structure4.3The Traditional Approach4.4The Structural Approach4.5The Transformational��generative Approach4.6The Functional Approach4.7SummaryChapter 5Semantics: The Meaning of Language5.1Introduction5.2Approaches to Meaning5.3Sense and Reference 5.4Word Meaning5.5Sentence Meaning5.6Ambiguity5.7Semantic AnalysisChapter 6Pragmatics: The Use of Language in Context6.1Introduction6.2Pragmatics as a New Branch of Linguistics6.3Speech Act Theory6.4Theory of Conversational Implicature6.5Politeness Principle6.6SummaryChapter 7Discourse Analysis: Language Above the Sentence7.1Introduction7.2What is Discourse Analysis7.3Cohesion7.4Coherence7.5The Structure of Discourse7.6Critical Discourse Analysis7.7Conclusion Chapter 8Historical Linguistics: Language through Time8.1Introduction8.2When Language Changes 8.3How Language Changes8.4Why Language Changes8.5SummaryChapter 9Stylistics: Language and Literature9.1Introduction9.2Important Views on Style9.3Stylistic AnalysisChapter 10Sociolinguistics: Language and Society10.1Introduction10.2The Relations Between Language and Society10.3Speech Community and Speech Variety10.4Dialect10.5Register10.6Language Contact and Contact Languages10.7Choosing a CodeChapter 11Intercultural Communication: Language and Culture11.1Introduction11.2Definitions of Culture11.3The Relationship Between Language and Culture11.4Naming the World Through Language11.5Communicative Patterns Across Cultures11.6Language and Thought: Sapir��Whorf Hypothesis11.7Intercultural Communication11.8SummaryChapter 12Psycholinguistics: Language and Psychology12.1Introduction12.2Language and the Brain: The Biological Foundations of Language12.3Language Comprehension12.4Language Production12.5Language AcquisitionChapter 13Cognitive Linguistics: Language and Cognition13.1Introduction13.2Categories and Categorization13.3Conceptual Metaphors13.4Conceptual Metonymies13.5Image Schemas 13.6Iconicity13.7Grammaticalization and LexicalizationChapter 14Applied Linguistics: Language Teaching and Learning14.1Introduction14.2How is Language Learned?14.3Individual Differences in Language Learning14.4Approaches and Methods in Foreign Language Teaching14.5Language TestingReferencesGlossary