Contributors. . ix Preface. . xiii SECTION I INTRODUCTION TO NEUROLOGY 1 Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease. . 2 Daniel H. Lowenstein, Joseph B. Martin, Stephen L. Hauser 2 The Neurologic Screening Exam. . .. 11 Daniel H. Lowenstein 3 Video Atlas of the Detailed Neurologic Examination. . .. 12 Martin A. Samuels 4 Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders. . 13 William P. Dillon 5 Atlas of Neuroimaging. . 27 Andre D. Furtado, William P. Dillon 6 Electrodiagnostic Studies of Nervous System Disorders: EEG, Evoked Potentials, and EMG. . 71 Michael J. Aminoff 7 Technique of Lumbar Puncture. . 80 Elizabeth Robbins, Stephen L. Hauser SECTION II CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASE 8 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management. . 88 James P. Rathmell, Howard L. Fields 9 Headache. . 100 Peter J. Goadsby, Neil H. Raskin 10 Back and Neck Pain. . 107 John W. Engstrom, Richard A. Deyo 11 Syncope. . .. 125 Roy Freeman 12 Dizziness and Vertigo. . .. 135 Mark F. Walker, Robert B. Daroff 13 Fatigue. . 140 Jeffrey M. Gelfand, Vanja C. Douglas 14 Neurologic Causes of Weakness and Paralysis. . 144 Michael J. Aminoff 15 Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss. . 150 Michael J. Aminoff 16 Gait and Balance Disorders. . 157 Lewis Sudarsky 17 Video Library of Gait Disorders. . 163 Gail Kang, Nicholas B. Galifianakis, Michael D. Geschwind 18 Confusion and Delirium. . 164 S. Andrew Josephson, Bruce L. Miller 19 Coma. . .. 171 Allan H. Ropper 20 Examination of the Comatose Patient. . 181 S. Andrew Josephson 21 Dementia. . 182 William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller 22 Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders. . 191 M.-Marsel Mesulam 23 Primary Progressive Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders. . 204 Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Jennifer Ogar, Joel Kramer, Bruce L. Miller, Gil Rabinovici, Maria Carmela Tartaglia 24 Sleep Disorders. . 205 Charles A. Czeisler, Thomas E. Scammell, Clifford B. Saper 25 Disorders of the Eye. . 221 Jonathan C. Horton 26 Use of the Hand-Held Ophthalmoscope. . 245 Homayoun Tabandeh, Morton F. Goldberg 27 Video Library of Neuro-Ophthalmology. . 253 Shirley H. Wray 28 Disorders of Smell and Taste. . 255 Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley 29 Disorders of Hearing. . 264 Anil K. Lalwani SECTION III DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 30 Biology of Neurologic Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Stephen L. Hauser, Stanley B. Prusiner, M. Flint Beal 31 Seizures and Epilepsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Daniel H. Lowenstein 32 Cerebrovascular Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Wade S. Smith, S. Claiborne Johnston, J. Claude Hemphill 33 Neurologic Critical Care, Including Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 J. Claude Hemphill, III, Wade S. Smith, Daryl R. Gress 34 Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376 Peter J. Goadsby, Neil H. Raskin 35 Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias. . . . . .392 William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller 36 Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408 C. Warren Olanow, Anthony H.V. Schapira, Jose A. Obeso 37 Ataxic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435 Roger N. Rosenberg 38 Classification of the Spinocerebellar Ataxias. . . . .443 Roger N. Rosenberg 39 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449 Robert H. Brown, Jr. 40 Prion Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459 Stanley B. Prusiner, Bruce L. Miller 41 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System. . . .469 Phillip A. Low, John W. Engstrom 42 Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell’s Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481 M. Flint Beal, Stephen L. Hauser 43 Diseases of the Spinal Cord. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 Stephen L. Hauser, Allan H. Ropper 44 Concussion and Other Traumatic Brain Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505 Allan H. Ropper 45 Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 Stephen L. Hauser, Douglas S. Goodin 46 Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abscess, and Empyema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533 Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler 47 Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. . . . . . . . . . . . .568 Walter J. Koroshetz, Avindra Nath 48 HIV Neurology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577 Anthony S. Fauci, H. Clifford Lane 49 Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 Lisa M. DeAngelis, Patrick Y. Wen 50 Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606 Josep Dalmau, Myrna R. Rosenfeld 51 Anterior Pituitary Tumor Syndromes . . . . . . . . . .615 Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson 52 Disorders of the Neurohypophysis. . . . . . . . . . . . .635 Gary L. Robertson 53 Peripheral Neuropathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 Anthony A. Amato, Richard J. Barohn 54 Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .681 Stephen L. Hauser, Anthony A. Amato 55 Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 Daniel B. Drachman, Anthony A. Amato 56 Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .700 Anthony A. Amato, Robert H. Brown, Jr. 57 Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Marinos C. Dalakas 58 Special Issues in Inpatient Neurologic Consultation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 S. Andrew Josephson, Martin A. Samuels SECTION IV CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME 59 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .752 Gijs Bleijenberg, Jos W. M. van der Meer SECTION V PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 60 Biology of Psychiatric Disorders. . .. 758 Robert O. Messing, Eric J. Nestler 61 Mental Disorders. . .. 765 Victor I. Reus 62 Neuropsychiatric Illnesses in War Veterans. . 788 Charles W. Hoge SECTION VI ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG DEPENDENCY 63 Alcohol and Alcoholism. . 798 Marc A. Schuckit 64 Opioid-Related Disorders. . 807 Thomas R. Kosten, Colin N. Haile 65 Cocaine and Other Commonly Abused Drugs. . 813 Nancy K. Mello, Jack H. Mendelson 66 Nicotine Addiction. . .. . 821 David M. Burns Appendix Laboratory Values of Clinical Importance. . .. 827 Alexander Kratz, Michael A. Pesce, Robert C. Basner, Andrew J. Einstein Review and Self-Assessment. . 849 Charles M. Wiener, Cynthia D. Brown, Brian Houston