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ContentsPrefacexixContributors1Estimatingfunctionsfordiffusion-typeprocesses1byMichaelS.rensen1.1Introduction11.2Low-frequencyasymptotics31.3Martingaleestimatingfunctions71.3.1Asymptotics81.3.2Likelihoodinference101.3.3Godambe�CHeydeoptimality121.3.4Small-optimality221.3.5Simulatedmartingaleestimatingfunctions271.3.6Explicitmartingaleestimatingfunctions301.3.7Pearsondiffusions341..8Implementationofmartingaleestimatingfunctions421.4Thelikelihoodfunction451.5Non-martingaleestimatingfunctions491.5.1Asymptotics491.5.2Explicitnon-martingaleestimatingfunctions511.5.3Approximatemartingaleestimatingfunctions54CHAPTER
ContentsPrefacexixContributors1Estimatingfunctionsfordiffusion-typeprocesses1byMichaelS.rensen1.1Introduction11.2Low-frequencyasymptotics31.3Martingaleestimatingfunctions71.3.1Asymptotics81.3.2Likelihoodinference101.3.3Godambe�CHeydeoptimality121.3.4Small-optimality221.3.5Simulatedmartingaleestimatingfunctions271.3.6Explicitmartingaleestimatingfunctions301.3.7Pearsondiffusions341..8Implementationofmartingaleestimatingfunctions421.4Thelikelihoodfunction451.5Non-martingaleestimatingfunctions491.5.1Asymptotics491.5.2Explicitnon-martingaleestimatingfunctions511.5.3Approximatemartingaleestimatingfunctions54CHAPTER

XIV Ŀ�����
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1.9.2���u���� 76
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2.1������ 109
2.1.1������ 109
2.1.2�����l���� 111
2.1.3�����ڔ�����**��ģ�ͣ�GBM 112
2.1.4��GBMģ���еĹ�Ӌ 112
2.1.5�������Ļ���Ӌ����Ч�� 114
2.1.6��GBM ��Black-Scholes-Merton��ʽ 115
2.1.7������Q�Ć��}��GBMģ�͵IJ��� 116
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2.1.2�����l���� 111
2.1.3�����ڔ�����**��ģ�ͣ�GBM 112
2.1.4��GBMģ���еĹ�Ӌ 112
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XV CONTENTS1.6 High-frequencyasymptotics 56
1.7 High-frequencyasymptotics in a fixed time-interval 63
1.8 Small-diffusion asymptotics 65
1.9 Non-Markovian models 70
1.9.1 Prediction-based estimating functions 71
1.9.2 Asymptotics 76
1.9.3 Measurement errors 77
1.9.4 Integrated diffusions and hypoelliptic stochastic differ
ential equations 78
1.9.5 Sums of diffusions 81
1.9.6 Stochastic volatility models 83
1.9.7 Compartment models 85
1.10 General asymptotic results for estimating functions 86
1.11 Optimal estimating functions: General theory 89
1.11.1 Martingale estimating functions 93
References992Theeconometricsofhigh-frequencydata109byPerA.MyklandandLanZhang2.1 Introduction 109
2.1.1 Overview 109
2.1.2 High-frequencydata 111
2.1.3 Afirst model for financial data: The GBM 112
2.1.4 Estimation in the GBM model 112
2.1.5 Behavior of non-centered estimators 114
2.1.6 GBM and the Black�CScholes�CMerton formula 115
2.1.7 Our problem to be solved: Inadequacies in the GBM
model 116
The volatility depends on t116
CHAPTER