unit 1  introduction to pharmacology  chapter 1  introduction    1.1  introduction    1.2  drugs and placebos    1.3  fda and sfda    1.4  brief history of pharmacology    1.5  health, disease and drug treatment  chapter 2  general principles of pharmacodynamics    2.1  introduction    2.2  drug action and drug effect    2.3  dose-effect relationship    2.4  drug therapeutic action and adverse drug reaction    2.5  factors affecting the drug action    2.6  new drug development  chapter 3  the molecular mechanisms of drug action    3.1   introduction    3.2  the mechanisms of drug action    3.3  receptor theories and interactions of drugs and receptors  chapter 4  pharmacoldnetics    4.1  introduction    4.2  drug transport    4.3  compliance    4.4  in vivo process of drugs    4.5  pharmacokinetics    4.6  drug interactionunit 2  drugs affecting the function of neuroeffectors  chapter 5  the pharmacological outline of autonomic nervous systems    5.1  introduction    5.2  neurotransmitters and pharmacology  chapter 6  cholinergic agonists    6.1  introduction    6.2  choliuoceptor-activating drugs  chapter 7  cholinergic antagonists..    7.1  introduction    7.2  muscarinic cholinergic blocking drugs  chapter 8  adrenergic agonists    8.1  introduction    8.2  adrenergic receptor agonists  chapter 9  adrenergic antagonists..    9.1  introduction    9.2  adrenergic receptor antagonists  chapter 10  local anesthetics    10.1  introduction    10.2  classification of local anesthetics    10.3  drugs commonly used in clinicsunit 3  drugs affecting the central nervous system  chapter 11  anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs    11.1  introduction    11.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia  chapter 12  antipsychotic drugs    12.1  introduction    12.2  antipsychotic drugs    12.3  antidepressants and antimanics  chapter 13  antiepileptic drugs    13.1  introduction    13.2  mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs    13.3  antiepileptic drugs    13.4  general principles for drug usage  chapter 14  drugs for treatment of parkinson's disease    14.1  introduction    14.2  drugs commonly used for treatment of parkinson's disease  chapter 15  analgesic drugs    15.1  introduction    15.2  analgesic drugs (opioids) : agonists of opioid receptors    15.3  antagonists of opioid receptors  chapter 16  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs    16.1  introduction    16.2  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsunit 4  drugs affecting renal and cardiovascular function  chapter 17  diuretic drugs    17.1  introduction    17.2  commonly used diuretics  chapter 18  calcium channel blockers    18.1  introduction    18.2  the commonly used calcium channel blockers  chapter 19  drugs for congestive heart failure    19.1  introduction    19.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of congestive heart failure  chapter 20  antihypertensive agents    20.1  introduction    20.2  drugs used for the treatment of hypertension  chapter 21  antiarrhythmic drugs    21.1  introduction    21.2  antiarrhythmia drugs  chapter 22  antianginal drugs    22.1  introduction    22.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of angina  chapter 23  antihyperlipidemic drugs    23.1  introduction    23.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia  chapter 24  drugs affecting haemostasis and thrombosis    24.1  introduction    24.2  commonly used drugs  chapter 25  agents used in anemia    25.1  introduction    25.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of anemiaunit 5  drugs affecting gastro intestinal tract, respiratory or endocrine system  chapter 26  steroid hormones    26.1  introduction    26.2  steroid hormones  chapter 27  hormones of thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs    27.1  introduction    27.2  thyroid hormones    27.3  antithyroid drugs  chapter 28  insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs    28.1  introduction    28.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus  chapter 29  drugs affecting the respiratory system    29.1  introduction    29.2  drugs commonly used in the treatment of airway diseases  chapter 30  drugs affecting the gastrointestinal system    30.1  introduction    30.2  drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease    30.3  antiemetic drugs    30.4  laxativesunit 6  chemotherapy  chapter 31  introduction to antimicrobial therapy    31.1  introduction    31.2  selection of antimicrobial agents    31.3  therapy with combined antimicrobial agents  chapter 32  ��-lactam antibiotics    32.1  introduction    32.2  penicillins    32.3  cephalosporins and cephamycins    32.4  other [3-lactam antibiotics    32.5  ��-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobaetam)  ~  chapter 33  macrolides, lincomycins, polymyxins and vancomycin    33.1  introduction    33.2  macrolides    33.3  lincomycins    33.4  polymyxins  chapter 34  aminoglycosides    34.1  introduction    34.2  commonly used aminoglycosides clinically  chapter 35  tetracyclines and chloramphenicol    35.1  introduction    35.2  tetracyclines    35.3  chloramphenicol  chapter 36  quinolones    36.1  introduction    36.2  characteristics of quinolones and commonly used quinolones  chapter 37  sulfonamides and other synthesized antimicrobial drugs    37.1  introduction    37.2  sulfonamides    37.3  trimethoprim    37.4  other synthetic antimicrobial drugs  chapter 38  antifungal drugs and antiviral drugs    38.1  introduction    38.2  drugs used to treat fungal infections    38.3  antiviral drugs    38.4  drugs used to treat hiv infection  chapter 39  antituberculosis drugs and antileprotic drugs    39.1  introduction    39.2  antituberculosis drugs    39.3  antileprotic drugs  chapter 40  antiprotozoan drugs    40.1  introduction    40.2  antimalarial drugs    40.3  anti-amebic drugs  chapter 41  anticancer drugs    41.1  introduction    41.2  antieaneer drugs    41.3  biological response modifiers  references