chapter 1  introduction��1.1  overview of programming����1.1.1  what is programming������1.1.2  how do we write a program����1.2  the evolution of programming language����1.2.1  assembly and machine languages����1.2.2  early languages����1.2.3  later-generation languages����1.2.4  modem languages��1.3  programming methodologies����1.3.1  structured programming����1.3.2  object-oriented programming��1.4  object-oriented programming��1.5  c + + programming language����1.5.1  history of candc++����1.5.2  learning c++��word tips��exerciseschapter 2  basic facilities��2.1  c++ program structure��2.2  input / output streams��2.3  constant��2.4  functions����2.4.1  function declarations����2.4.2  function definitions����2.4.3  default arguments����2.4.4  inline functions����2.4.5  overloading functions��2.5  references����2.5.1  reference definition����2.5.2  reference variables as parameters����2.5.3  references as value-returning����2.5.4  references as left-hand values��2.6  namespaces��word tips��exerciseschapter 3  classes and objects (��)��3.1  structures����3.1.1  defining a structure����3.1.2  accessing members of structures����3.1.3  structures with member functions��3.2  data abstraction and classes����3.2.1   data abstraction����3.2.2  defining classes����3.2.3  defining objects����3.2.4  accessing member functions����3.2.5  in-class member function definition����3.2.6  file structure of an abstract data type��3.3  information hiding��3.4  access control��3.5  constructors����3.5.1  overloading constructors����3.5.2  constructors with default parameters��3.6  destructors����3.6.1   definition of destructors����3.6.2  order of constructor and destructor calls��3.7  encapsulation��3.8  case study: a gradebook class��word tips��exercises chapter 4  classes and objects (��)��4.1  constant member functions and constant  objects    4.2  this pointers    4.3  static members��    4.3.1  static data members��    4.3.2  static member functions    4.4  free store    4.5  objects as members of classes    4.6  copy members��    4.6.1  definition of copy constructors��    4.6.2  shallow copy and deep copy    4.7  arrays of objects��    4.7.1  initialize an array of objects by using a default constructor��    4.7.2  initialize an array of objects by using constructors with parameters    4.8  friends��    4.8.1  friend functions��    4.8.2  friend classes��4.9  case study : examples of used-defined types��    4.9.1  a better date class��    4.9.2  a gradebook class with objects of the student class��word tips��exerciseschapter 5  operator overloading��5.1  why operator overloading is need��5.2  operator functions����5.2.1   overloaded operators����5.2.2  operator functions��5.3  binary and unary operators����5.3.1  overloading binary operators����5.3.2  overloading unary operators��5.4  overloading combinatorial operators��5.5  mixed arithmetic of user-defined types��5.6  type conversion of user-defined types��5.7  examples of operator overloading����5.7.1   a complex number class����5.7.2  a string class��word tips��exerciseschapter 6  inheritance��6.1  class hierarchies��6.2  derived classes����6.2.1  declaration of derived classes����6.2.2  structure of derived classes��6.3  constructors and destructors of derived classes����6.3.1  constructors of derived classes����6.3.2  destructors of derived classes����6.3.3  order of calling class objects����6.3.4  inheritance and composition��6.4  member functions of derived classes��6.5  access control����6.5.1  access control in classes����6.5.2  access to base classes��6.6  multiple inheritance����6.6.1  declaration of multiple inheritance����6.6.2  constructors of multiple inheritance��6.7  virtual inheritance����6.7.1  multiple inheritance ambiguities����6.7.2  trying to solve inheritance ambiguities����6.7.3  virtual base classes����6.7.4  constructing objects of multiple inheritance�� word tips�� exerciseschapter 7  polymorphism and virtual functions�� 7.1  polymorphism���� 7.1.1  concept of polymorphism���� 7.1.2  binding�� 7.2  virtual functions���� 7.2.1  definition of vitual functions���� 7.2.2  extensibility���� 7.2.3  principle of virtual functions���� 7.2.4  virtual destructors����7.2.5  function overloading and function overriding��7.3  abstract base classes��7.4  case study: a mini system��word tips��exerciseschapter 8  templates��8.1  template mechanism��8.2  function templates and template functions����8.2.1  why we use function templates������8.2.2  definition of function templates����8.2.3  function template instantiation����8.2.4  function template with different parameter types����8.2.5  function template overloading��8.3  class templates and template classes����8.3.1  definition of class templates����8.3.2  class template instantiation��8.4  non-type parameters for templates��8.5  derivation and class templates��8.6  case study : an example of the vector class template��word tips��exercisesreferences