preface to the reissue of the materials characterization series x
preface to series xi
preface to the reissue of characterization of composite materials xii
preface xiii
acronyms xiv
contributors xv
x��ray photoelectron spectroscopy ��xps�� and
electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis ��esca��
1.1 introduction 1
1.2 fundamental principles�� xps and esca 2
1.3 applications of xpsiesca to composites 9
fibers 10�� polymer matrix materials 13�� composites 14��
failure modes 19
1.4 summary 23
raman spectroscopy
2.1 introduction 26
2.2 normal raman scattering 27
2.3 surface��enhanced raman scattering 28
2.4 polymer��metal composites 29
adsorption of polymer to metal 29�� adhesive��adherent interactions 33
2.5 polymer��polymer composites 38
polymer��polymer interdiffusion 38�� surface segregation in polymer blends 39
2.6 fiber��polymer composites 39
stress transfer at interfaces 39�� surface structure of carbon materials 41
2.7 summary 41
nmr imaging of composites
3.1 introduction 44
basis of nmr imaging 45�� relaxation parameters in nmr imaging 46�� pulse sequences for generating contrast in imaging 47�� resolution in nmr imaging 48�� utility of nmri 49�� image processing 49
3.2 advanced imaging techniques 50
chemical shift imaging 50
3.3 nmri of solids 52
design limitations of high performance fiber��reinforced
composites 52�� interracial bond quality and defect characteristics
of composites 53�� nmr imaging as a composite inspection
technique�� detection of internal voids 54�� detection of nonuniform
dispersion of filler 55�� aging of composites 56�� mri as an
environmental monitoring technique 58�� adsorption of liquids in
polymers 58�� 1h imagingofsolids 58�� 13c imagingofsolids 60
3.4 conclusions 61
nmr studies of isotope��enriched species at interfaces
inverse gas chromatography
dielectric spectroscopy
imaging and characterization of materials by the
new scanning probe techniques ��stm/afm��
elastic and viscoelastic behavior of composites
infrared spectroscopy for composites