preface author's preface section i survey 1 words and meanings words, words, words multiple meaning meaningful relatio set sentences components of meaning summary 2 word-formation lexicalization productivity prefixes suffixes conveion compounds winne and lose 3 multiple meaning polysemy and homonymy testing for meanings specialization of meaning metaphor classes of metapho metonymy creativity and slang 4 meaningful relatio pai and groupings: synonymy pai and groupings: ranks binary contrasts: antonyms binary contrasts: complementaries binary contrasts: convees groupings: hyponymy groupings: non-branching hierarchies 5 set phrases set phrases and set sentences collocatio idioms proverbs, catchwords, and formulae set phrases and creativity 6 components of meaning componential analysis marked and unmarked some advantages of a componential approach denotation and connotation 7 semantics and the dictionary grammatical and lexical items complex words multiple meaning meaningful relatio componential analysis phraseology conclusio section z readings section 3 references section 4 glossary acknowledgements