ContentsPrefaceForewordChapter 1 Occurrence and Pollution Control of PBDEs 11.1 Occurrence of PBDEs 21.1.1 Physiochemical properties of PBDEs 21.1.2 Legislation of PBDEs 41.1.3 History of PBDEs production 61.1.4 The release of PBDEs 71.1.5 Toxicity of PBDEs 101.2 PBDE pollution in the environment 111.2.1 Air pollution 111.2.2 Water pollution 131.2.3 Soil pollution 151.2.4 Sediment pollution 171.2.5 Biological uptake 181.2.6 Human exposure 211.3 PBDE prevention and control techniques 231.3.1 Chemical methods 231.3.2 Biological methods 551.4 Main points of interest in this book 581.4.1 The mechanism of degradation of PBDEs by pyrolysis 581.4.2 The mechanism of degradation of PBDEs by chemical and photochemical methods 601.4.3 The mechanism of degradation of PBDEs by selected bacteria 631.4.4 The application of physiochemical methods for degradation of PBDEs in surfactant solution 64Chapter 2 Transformation of PBDEs Under High Temperature 662.1 Formation of brominated products from PBDE pyrolysis 672.1.1 Effect of pyrolysis temperature 672.1.2 Formation mechanisms of PBDFs 692.1.3 Formation mechanisms of PBDDs 722.1.4 Formation of polybromobenzenes 762.2 Formation of chloro-bromo-mixed products from PBDE pyrolysis 792.2.1 Formation of PBCDEs 802.2.2 Formation of PBCDD/Fs 872.2.3 Formation of other products 892.2.4 Formation mechanism of PBCDD/Fs 90Chapter 3 Degradation of PBDEs by Single Zero-valent Metals and Bimetals 973.1 Degradation of PBDEs by zero-valent zinc 983.1.1 Characterization of zinc powder 983.1.2 Debromination of BDE-47 by zinc 983.1.3 Effect of pH on the debromination of BDE-47 by zinc 993.1.4 Relationships between molecular properties and reaction rate constants 1013.1.5 The debromination pathway of BDE-47 by zinc 1033.1.6 Using the SOMO of PBDE anions to predict debromination pathways by e-transfer mechanism 1053.2 Debromination of PBDEs by n-ZVI and n-ZVI/Pd particles 1083.2.1 Debromination pathways of PBDEs by n-ZVI and n-ZVI/Pd particles 1103.2.2 Debromination of PBDEs in a palladium-H2 system 1123.2.3 Predicting the dominant debromination pathway (e-transfer or H-transfer) of PBDEs 1143.2.4 Explanation for why Mulliken charges can be used to predict debromination pathways 1163.3 Debromination of PBDEs in various iron-based bimetallic systems 1173.3.1 Characterization of different bimetallic particles 1183.3.2 Influence of metal catalysts on reaction rates for BDE-47 reduction 1193.3.3 Debromination of BDE-47 in metal-H2 systems 1223.3.4 Debromination pathways of BDE-47 in various bimetallic systems 1233.3.5 Debromination pathways of BDE-47 in NaBH4-metal systems 1263.4 Debromination of PBDEs by zero-valent zinc (ZVZ) and ZVZ-based bimetal (Pd/ZVZ) 1303.4.1 Characterization of different particles 1303.4.2 Influence of loading rate of catalysts on reaction rates for BDE-47 debromination 1313.4.3 The degraded reaction of lightly substituted BDEs in ZVZ and Pd/ZVZ systems 1333.4.4 Debromination pathway of BDEs in the two materials 1353.4.5 The different influence on reaction rate of BDE-47 with varied pH in ZVZ and Pd/ZVZ systems 137Chapter 4 Degradation of PBDEs by UV Light 1394.1 Debromination behavior of PBDEs by UV light 1394.1.1 Degradation kinetics of BDE isomers in pure methanol 1394.1.2 Debromination pathways of BDE-47 and using Mulliken charges to predict them 1424.1.3 Effect of water content in the degradation of PBDEs 1474.1.4 Debromination pathways of BDE-47 in different organic solvents 1514.2 Generation of PBDFs during photolysis of PBDEs under UV light 1534.2.1 Degradation of PBDEs without an ortho-bromine substituent 1544.2.2 Degradation of BDEs with one ortho-bromine substituent 1564.2.3 Degradation of BDEs with two ortho-bromine substituents 1584.2.4 The photochemical reaction of PBDFs 1624.2.5 The effect of solvents on the formation of PBDFs during the photolysis of PBDEs 1644.2.6 Insights into the mechanism of formation of PBDFs from the photolysis of PBDEs using computational chemistry 1694.3 Photodegradation of decabrominated diphenyl ether in soil suspensions 1774.3.1 BDE-209 photodegradation in soil suspensions 1784.3.2 The effect of HA on BDE-209 photodegradation in soil suspensions 1804.3.3 The effects of metal ions on BDE-209 photodegradation in soil suspensions 1814.3.4 The products of BDE-209 degradation in soil suspensions 183Chapter 5 Degradation Behavior of PBDEs by Metal-doped TiO2 1875.1 Preparation and characterization of four metal-doped TiO2 nanocomposites 1885.2 Mechanism of photocatalytic debromination of BDE-47 on TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 1905.2.1 Enhanced photocatalytic debromination of BDE-47 on TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 191