CONTENTS Unit 1 Engineering Materials (��) 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Ferrous Metals and Alloys 2 1.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 4 Notes 7 Glossary 9 Unit 2 Engineering Materials (��) 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Ceramics 10 2.3 Polymers 12 2.4 Composite Materials 14 2.5 Metamaterials 15 Notes 16 Glossary 17 Unit 3 Casting 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Sand Casting 20 3.3 Investment Casting 21 3.4 Expendable-pattern Casting 22 3.5 Centrifugal Casting 23 3.6 Inspection of Casting 24 Notes 24 Glossary 25 Unit 4 Forging and Die 27 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Open-die Forging 27 4.3 Impression-die and Closed-die Forging 28 4.4 Precision Forging 29 4.5 Die Manufacturing Methods 30 Notes 31 Glossary 32 Unit 5 Conventional Machining Processes 33 5.1 Introduction 33 5.2 Turning and Lathe 33 5.3 Milling and Milling Machine 36 5.4 Drilling and Drill Press 39 Notes 41 Glossary 42 Unit 6 Nontraditional Machining Processes 45 6.1 Introduction 45 6.2 Electrical Discharge Machinin