Chapter 1 Preface / 1Astronomy and Calendar/ 16 Mathematics / 16III. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry / 17Medicine / 18 Diet therapy and Health Cultivation / 18 Geography / 19VII. Architecture / 20 Chapter 2 Astronomy and Chinese Calendar / 25establishment of Observatories and Astronomical Observation / 26 The Establishment of Observatories / 26 Astronomical Observation / 31Manufacture of Astronomical Instruments/ 34 Abridged Armilla / 35 Scaphe / 38 Gnomon / 38 Shadow De ner and Observing Table / 40III. Achievements of the Shoushi li 42Prominent Astronomer Guo Shoujing/ 44 Ethnic Minority Astronomers: Yelü Chucai, Jam��l al-D��n, etc. / 50 Calendars of Ethnic Minority / 57 Mongolian Calendar / 58 The Calendar of the Tibetan Nationality / 61 The Calendar of the Hui Nationality / 63 Calendar of the Yi Nationality / 65 The Calendar of the Dai Nationality / 67Chapter 3 Mathematics / 69Peak Period of the Development of Ancient Mathematics in China/ 69 Tianyuan Shuand Siyuan Shu/ 73 Tianyuan Shu/ 73 SiyuanShu / 74III. Interpolation Method and Duoji Shu (Methods of Summing Series) / 76The Interpolation Method / 76 Duoji Shu / 77 IV. Li Ye, the Sea Mirror of the Circle Measurements and the Old Mathematics in Expanded Sections / 78Zhu Shijie, the Introduction to Mathematical Studies and the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns / 83Möngke, the Earliest Researcher of Euclid’s Elements in China / 87VII. Reckoning by the Abacus / 89 Chapter 4 Geoscience / 91e Compilation of Total Annals of the Yuan / 91 Exploration and Investigation of the Source of the Yellow River / 95III. Zhu Siben and Map of the Territory / 98Other Maps / 101 Geoscience Works in the Form of Travel Notes / 103 Earthquake and Geology / 111 Records of Earthquakes / 111 Records of Geology / 113Chapter 5 Agriculture and Animal Husbandry / 117Overview / 117 Essentials of Farming and Sericulture / 123III. Wang Zhen and the Agricultural Book / 127Lu Mingshan, A Uygur agronomist and the Essentials of Agriculture, Sericulture, Food and Clothing / 132 Animal Husbandry / 136Chapter 6 Hydraulics / 145Completing the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal / 146 Digging Jizhou River / 147iii Excavating Huitong River / 149 Excavating Tonghui River / 151 Maritime Transport and Navigation / 152III. Other Water Conservancy Projects / 158Works on Water Conservancy / 161Chapter 7 Medicine and Pharmacy / 167Major Achievement in Medicine and Pharmacy / 167 Li Gao and His Medical Works / 182III. Zhu Zhenheng and His Medical Works / 186Wei Yilin and His Effective Formulas Tested by Physicians for Generations / 191 Hua Shou and His An Elucidation of the Fourteen Channels / 195 Mongolian Medical Scientist Sademishi and His Ruizhutang Jingyan Fang / 198VII. Achievements in Medicine of Mongolian and Other Ethnic Minorities / 201Achievements in Mongolian Medicine / 202 Tibetan Medicine / 208 Uygur medicine / 210Chapter 8 Diet therapy and Health Cultivation / 213Mongolian Nutritionist Hu Sihui and the His YSZY / 215 A Complete Book of Daily Necessity in A Familyand Diet Exchanges / 221III. Other Works on Diet erapy and Nutrition / 224Ni Yunlin andCollection of Diet Rulesby Yunlintang / 224 Diet Adviceby Jia Ming / 225 Qiu Chuji and His Health Cultivation eory/ 227 Other Works on Qigong Health Cultivation/ 231 Reference of Three Elements for Long Lifeby Li Pengfei / 232 Li Daochun’s The Book of Balance and Harmony/ 233 The Collection of Gold Pillby Xiao Tingzhi / 235 The Gist of Gold Pill by Chen Zhixu / 236 Mongolian Eight Treasures and Other Nutritious Food / 238Chapter 9 Architecture / 243Yuan Dadu / 246 Shangdu, Helin and Other Northern Cities / 251III. Buddhism and Taoism Architecture / 256Lamaism and Islamic Architecture / 267 Yurt / 274Chapter 10 Handicraft and Technology / 277Organizations and Its Management and Production Status / 277 Weapon Industry / 281III. Textile Industry / 286Silk Weaving / 287 Cotton Industry / 294 Wool Weaving Industry / 299 Printing Industry and Shipbuilding Industry / 300 Printing Industry / 300 Shipbuilding Industry / 304 Ceramic Industry and Lacquerware Industry / 305 Porcelain Industry / 287 Lacquerware Industry / 292Chapter 11 Scientific and Technological Exchanges Between China and Foreign Countries / 313Exchange of Astronomy and Calendar / 315Exchange of Mathematics / 321III. Exchange of Medicine and Pharmacy / 327Exchange of Geography / 331 The Travels of Marco Polo/ 331 The Travel Notes of Jean de Plan Carpin to the Mongol / 333 The Journey of Rubruk to the Eastern Parts / 334 The Journey of Hethum I, King of Little Armenia / 334 The Journey of Friar Odoric to the Eastern PartsWritten by Friar Odoric / 335Exchange of Architecture / 337Exchange of Artillery and Ceramic Technology / 341 Artillery / 341 Ceramic / 344