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機能實驗學(第二版)(英文版) 版權信息
- ISBN：9787030339898
- 條形碼：9787030339898 ; 978-7-03-033989-8
- 裝幀：一般膠版紙
- 冊數：暫無
- 重量：暫無
- 所屬分類：>>
機能實驗學(第二版)(英文版) 內容簡介
本書從培養醫學生的實驗能力出發，系統地介紹了基礎醫學實驗中與生理學、病理生理學和藥理學相關的實驗知識、方法和實驗操作技能。書中既包含大量與醫學理論課聯系密切的驗證性經典實驗內容，又有對學生綜合實驗素質培養的綜合性、探索性實驗內容，并介紹了與醫學科研相關的基礎知識，對培養學生的創新思維能力有一定的幫助。本書為雙語教材，提供了大量的專業醫學詞匯，對提高學生專業英語能力也可有較大的幫助。
機能實驗學(第二版)(英文版) 目錄
Contents
Chapter 1. An Introduction of Functional Experimentation（1）
chapter 2. Basic Knowledge and Theory（7）
Section 1. Biological Characteristics and Application of Commonly Used Laboratory Animals（7）
Section 2. Biological Data Acquisition Systems（13）
Section 3. Selection and Design Principles of Medica1 Scientific Research Topics（20）
Section 4. Medical Information Retrieval（27）
Section 5. Writing Methods of Scientific Papers and Lab Reports（30）
Section 6. Laboratory Safety and Rules（35）
Chapter 3. Basic Methods of Animal Experiments（43）
Section 1. Anima1 Capture and Restraint（43）
Section 2. Anima1 Numbering（46）
Section 3. Drug Administration for Laboratory Animals（48）
Section 4. Anesthesia of Laboratory Animals（52）
Section 5. Unhairing of Laboratory Animals（57）
Section 6. Blood Collection of Laboratory Animals（58）
Section 7. Euthanasia Methods of Laboratory Animals（65）
Chapter 4. Basic Techniques in Experimental Animals Surgical Operation（67）
Section 1. Traditiona1 Surgical Instruments（67）
Section 2. Technique of Animals Catheterization（69）
Section 3. Haemostasis and Technique of Knots Making（72）
Section 4. Technique of Wound Sutures（Stitches）and Sutures Out（74）
Chapter 5. Basic Experiments（76）
Experiment 1. The Nature of Muscle Contraction（76）
Experiment 2. Measurement of Conduction Velocity of Action Potential and Excitability from Neural Trunk（78）
Experiment 3. Determination of Hemoglobin Content and Red Blood Cell Osmotic Fragility（82）
Experiment 4. Premature Contraction and Compensatory Pause（84）
Experiment 5. Chemicals on the regulation of ex vivo heart activities（86）
Experiment 6. Measurement of Human Arterial Blood Pressure（88）
Experiment 7. Recording of Human Electrocardiogram（91）
Experiment 8. Pulmonary Function Tests（93）
Experiment 9. Regulation of Respiratory Movements（96）
Experiment 10. Physio1ogical Properties of the Isolated Gastrointestinal Smooth Musclc（98）
Experiment 11. Factors That Influencing Urine Formation（100）
Experiment 12. Damage Effects of Unilateral Labyrinth and Cochlear Potential Induction from Guinea Pigs（103）
Experiment 13. Examination of Visual Flelds and scotomas（105）
Experiment 14. Analysis of Reflex Arc and the Basic Features of the Reflex Activities（107）
Experiment 15. Experimental Pulmonary Edema in Rabbits（111）
Experiment 16. Effect of Different Factors on Hypoxic To1erance（113）
Experiment 17. Influence of pH of Body Fluids on Drug Absorption（114）
Experiment 18. One-Compartment Open Model and Calculation of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters（115）
Experiment 19. Two-Compartment open Model and Calculation of the Phannacokinetic Parameters（119）
Experiment 20. Determination of Medial Lethal Dose（IDSO） of Drug（122）
Experiment 21. The Antergic Experiments of Drug-the Binding Assay of Radio-Ligand and Receptor（123）
Experiment 22. Intoxication and Detoxication of Organophosphates（126）
Experiment 23. Effects of Drugs by Different Dosage Forms（128）
Experiment 24. Effects of Drugs by Different Routes of Administration（130）
Experiment 25. Basic Effects of Drugs（131）
Experiment 26. Factors Influencing Drug Effects（133）
Experiment 27. Observation of Analgesic Action of Drugs with Writhing Method（136）
Experiment 28. Anticonvulsant Effect of the Drug（137）
Experiment 29. Effects of Drugs on Learning and Memory of Animal（Mice step-down experiment，rat shuttle box experiment，morris water maze experiment）（139）
Experiment 30. Effects of Hydrocortisone on Mice Ear Swelling Induced by Xylol（144）
Expryiment 31. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dexamethasone on Rat Paw Edema（145）
Expryiment 32. Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Heart Failure（147）
Experiment 33. Antibacterial ExperiInent of Antibacterial Agents in Vitro（150）
Experiment 34. Antibacterial Experiment of Antibacterial Agents in Vivo（152）
chapter 6. Comprehensive Experiments（157）
Experiment 1. Different Types of Hypoxia（157）
Experiment 2. Hyperkalemia in Rabbits（159）
Experiment 3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rabbit（161）
Experiment 4. Disorders of Acid-Base Balance and Its Experimental Therapy in Rabbits（166）
Experiment 5. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Intestine（170）
Experiment 6. Acute Endotoxic Shock（172）
Expryiment 7. Hemorrhagic Shock and Alterations of the Mirocirculation in Rabbit（175）
Experiment 8. Regulation of the Cardiovascular System and Acute Cardiac Failure（178）
Experiment 9. Effects of Experimental pneumothorax on Respiration Circulation and Acid-Base Balance in Rabbits（183）
Experiment 10. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pharmacotherapy（186）
Experiment 11. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Its Treatment（189）
Experiment 12 Determination of Endogenous Creatinine Clearance Rate and Excretion Fraction of Sodium Filtration in Acute Renal Failure（192）
Experiment 13. Reproduction of Multiple Organ Dysfunctio
Chapter 1. An Introduction of Functional Experimentation（1）
chapter 2. Basic Knowledge and Theory（7）
Section 1. Biological Characteristics and Application of Commonly Used Laboratory Animals（7）
Section 2. Biological Data Acquisition Systems（13）
Section 3. Selection and Design Principles of Medica1 Scientific Research Topics（20）
Section 4. Medical Information Retrieval（27）
Section 5. Writing Methods of Scientific Papers and Lab Reports（30）
Section 6. Laboratory Safety and Rules（35）
Chapter 3. Basic Methods of Animal Experiments（43）
Section 1. Anima1 Capture and Restraint（43）
Section 2. Anima1 Numbering（46）
Section 3. Drug Administration for Laboratory Animals（48）
Section 4. Anesthesia of Laboratory Animals（52）
Section 5. Unhairing of Laboratory Animals（57）
Section 6. Blood Collection of Laboratory Animals（58）
Section 7. Euthanasia Methods of Laboratory Animals（65）
Chapter 4. Basic Techniques in Experimental Animals Surgical Operation（67）
Section 1. Traditiona1 Surgical Instruments（67）
Section 2. Technique of Animals Catheterization（69）
Section 3. Haemostasis and Technique of Knots Making（72）
Section 4. Technique of Wound Sutures（Stitches）and Sutures Out（74）
Chapter 5. Basic Experiments（76）
Experiment 1. The Nature of Muscle Contraction（76）
Experiment 2. Measurement of Conduction Velocity of Action Potential and Excitability from Neural Trunk（78）
Experiment 3. Determination of Hemoglobin Content and Red Blood Cell Osmotic Fragility（82）
Experiment 4. Premature Contraction and Compensatory Pause（84）
Experiment 5. Chemicals on the regulation of ex vivo heart activities（86）
Experiment 6. Measurement of Human Arterial Blood Pressure（88）
Experiment 7. Recording of Human Electrocardiogram（91）
Experiment 8. Pulmonary Function Tests（93）
Experiment 9. Regulation of Respiratory Movements（96）
Experiment 10. Physio1ogical Properties of the Isolated Gastrointestinal Smooth Musclc（98）
Experiment 11. Factors That Influencing Urine Formation（100）
Experiment 12. Damage Effects of Unilateral Labyrinth and Cochlear Potential Induction from Guinea Pigs（103）
Experiment 13. Examination of Visual Flelds and scotomas（105）
Experiment 14. Analysis of Reflex Arc and the Basic Features of the Reflex Activities（107）
Experiment 15. Experimental Pulmonary Edema in Rabbits（111）
Experiment 16. Effect of Different Factors on Hypoxic To1erance（113）
Experiment 17. Influence of pH of Body Fluids on Drug Absorption（114）
Experiment 18. One-Compartment Open Model and Calculation of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters（115）
Experiment 19. Two-Compartment open Model and Calculation of the Phannacokinetic Parameters（119）
Experiment 20. Determination of Medial Lethal Dose（IDSO） of Drug（122）
Experiment 21. The Antergic Experiments of Drug-the Binding Assay of Radio-Ligand and Receptor（123）
Experiment 22. Intoxication and Detoxication of Organophosphates（126）
Experiment 23. Effects of Drugs by Different Dosage Forms（128）
Experiment 24. Effects of Drugs by Different Routes of Administration（130）
Experiment 25. Basic Effects of Drugs（131）
Experiment 26. Factors Influencing Drug Effects（133）
Experiment 27. Observation of Analgesic Action of Drugs with Writhing Method（136）
Experiment 28. Anticonvulsant Effect of the Drug（137）
Experiment 29. Effects of Drugs on Learning and Memory of Animal（Mice step-down experiment，rat shuttle box experiment，morris water maze experiment）（139）
Experiment 30. Effects of Hydrocortisone on Mice Ear Swelling Induced by Xylol（144）
Expryiment 31. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dexamethasone on Rat Paw Edema（145）
Expryiment 32. Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Heart Failure（147）
Experiment 33. Antibacterial ExperiInent of Antibacterial Agents in Vitro（150）
Experiment 34. Antibacterial Experiment of Antibacterial Agents in Vivo（152）
chapter 6. Comprehensive Experiments（157）
Experiment 1. Different Types of Hypoxia（157）
Experiment 2. Hyperkalemia in Rabbits（159）
Experiment 3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rabbit（161）
Experiment 4. Disorders of Acid-Base Balance and Its Experimental Therapy in Rabbits（166）
Experiment 5. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Intestine（170）
Experiment 6. Acute Endotoxic Shock（172）
Expryiment 7. Hemorrhagic Shock and Alterations of the Mirocirculation in Rabbit（175）
Experiment 8. Regulation of the Cardiovascular System and Acute Cardiac Failure（178）
Experiment 9. Effects of Experimental pneumothorax on Respiration Circulation and Acid-Base Balance in Rabbits（183）
Experiment 10. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pharmacotherapy（186）
Experiment 11. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Its Treatment（189）
Experiment 12 Determination of Endogenous Creatinine Clearance Rate and Excretion Fraction of Sodium Filtration in Acute Renal Failure（192）
Experiment 13. Reproduction of Multiple Organ Dysfunctio
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機能實驗學(第二版)(英文版) 節選
Chapter 1. An Introduction of Functional Experimentation 第1章 機能實驗學緒論 1. Definition (定義) An experiment is a test or an investigation， especially one planned to provide evidence for or against a hypothesis. Experimentation is the act， process， or practice of experimenting. Usually， "Experiment" refers to a particular control1ed test. "Experimentation" means "experiments" in a collective sense or in general or the discipline of conducting experiments. An experiment or a test can be carried out using the scientific method to answer a question or to investigate a problem. First， an observation is made. Then， a question is asked， or a problem arises. Next， a hypothesis is formed. Then experimentation is used to test that hypothesis. The results are analyzed， a conc1usion is drawn， sometimes a new theory is formed， and results the communicated through research papers. Experimental Medicine (實驗醫學) ， a broad term ， refers to "lnvestigation undertaken in humans， relating where appropriate to model systems， to identify mechanisms of pathophysiology or disease， or to demonstrate proof-of-concept evidence of the validity and importance of new discoveries or treatments." According to the definition from Dictionary. com， experimental medicine refers to the scientific investigation of medical problems by experimentation upon animals or by clinical research. 1t consists of basic animal experimental research (early phase) and clinical trials (late phase). The effective translation of results from experimental medicine studies into later phase clinical research is an important outcome of experimental medicine， as is the generation of new hypotheses to be explored in the laboratory. Functional experimentation (機能實驗學) is a new branch of experimental medicine concemed with the study of the functional changes in experimental animals. More specifically， it is a new experimental course of basic medical sciences in Chinese medical school， which involves the study of the changes in organ function and tissue metabolism during normal or pathological conditions， with or without the inf1uence of drug treatment. The field encompasses at least three subjects， namely， physiology， pathophysiology and pharmacoloy. Physiology(生理學) is the science of the function of a living organism or any of its parts. This includes how organisms and their organ systems carry out the physical or chemical functions of life that exist in a living system. Human physiology is the science of the mechanical， physical， and biochemical functions of humans in good health， their organs， and the cel1s of which they are composed. The principallevel of focus in physiology is at the level of organs and systems. Much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology was provided by animal experimentation. The study of human physiology dates back to at least 420 B. C. and the time of Hippocrates(希波克拉底)， the father of medicine. The critical thinking of Aristotle(亞里士多德) and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece， while Claudius Galenus (c. 129-200 A. D. )， known as Galen(蓋倫)， was the first to use experiments to probe the function of the body. Galen was the founder of experimental physiology. The medical world moved on from Galenism(蓋倫學說) only with the appearance of Andreas Vesalius(安德魯斯 維薩里斯) and William Harvey(威廉 哈維). Anatomist Wil1iam Harvey described the circulatory system in the 17th century， demonstrating the fruitful combination of close observations and careful experiments to learn about the functions of the body， which was fundamenta1 to the development of experimental physiology. In the 19th century， physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate， particularly with the appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwannin in 1838. But in that time， doctors based their theories on metaphysical (形而上學) ideology， and personal experience often dictated their clinical decisions. Science-based medicine was largely absent. It was not until French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813-1878) began to perform a series of rigorous laboratory investigations and animal experimentation， that the old medicine had begun to enter scientific modern times. Bernard's most notable discoveries are the role of the pancreas in digestion， and the liver's ability to make sugar. Bernard's masterpiece was his book entit1ed "An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine"， published in 1865. In his book， Bernard argued that progress in medicine could not be achieved without the application of experimental physiology. Therefore， Claude Bernard is acknowledged as the father and founder of experimental medicine. Physiology is the study of normal， healthy bodily function (as opposed to anatomy， which is the study of normal structure). When something disrupts normal physiological processes， it enters the realm of pathophysiology. Pathophysio
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