Part One (Chapters 1��4)
Chapter 1Animating by example3
1.1The significance of the animating by example method3
1.2Surveys of related existing research and overview of our method6
1.2.1Surveys of related existing research6
1.2.2Overview of our method16
1.3The main steps of the core algorithm18
1.3.1Sketch based mapping18
1.3.2Differential mean value coordinates for mesh deformation22
1.3.3Stitching and smoothing meshes25
1.3.4Interpolating between key frames31
1.3.5Mapping 2D animations to 3D characters32
1.3.6Solving the minimization problem for smoothing mesh35
1.4Results of the method38
1.5Conclusions of this chapter39

Chapter 2A new method of interactive marker��driven free��form mesh
deformation43
2.1The related works of free form mesh deformation43
2.2Overview of the new method of free��form mesh deformation44
2.3The main steps of interactive marker��driven free��form mesh deformation45
2.3.1The algorithm of shape deformation 45
2.3.2The algorithm of mesh smoothing49
2.3.3Interpolating between two key frames51
2.4Conclusions of this chapter52

Chapter 3As��rigid��as��possible deformation clone54
3.1The related works of deformation clone54
3.2Overview of the method60
3.3The algorithm of deformation clone61
3.4The results and conclusions of the method64
3.4.1The results of the method proposed in this chapter64
3.4.2The conclusions of the method proposed in this
chapter65

Chapter 4A fast trapeziums��based method for soft shadow volumes67
4.1Previous works of soft shadow volumes67
4.2Obtaining soft shadows with ray tracing71
4.2.1Finding out all global potential silhouette edges71
4.2.2Getting local potential silhouette edges and exact silhouette edges72
4.2.3Projecting, modifying and splitting silhouette edges 73
4.2.4Constructing trapeziums to determine the visibility oflight source76
4.3Results and conclusions of the algorithm77
Part Two (Chapters 5 and 6)
Chapter 5

Interactive mesh segmentation and contour optimization forliver & tumors 83
5.1The related works of liver and tumors segmentation83
5.2Outline of the approach91
5.3Main steps of the approach92
5.3.1Finding chest bones92
5.3.2Constructing chest mesh92
5.3.3Constructing liver mesh102
5.3.4Extended intelligent scissors104
5.3.5Liver segmentation scheme109
5.4Experiments and results112
5.5Discussion and conclusions of this chapter117

Chapter 6Design and development of smart PACS based on 3D intelligent scissors121
6.1Design goals121
6.2Feasibility analysis122
6.3Main development content122
6.3.1Optimization of 3D intelligent scissors algorithm122
6.3.2Development of smart PACS system122
6.3.3System architecture 123
6.4System development and implementation124
6.4.1System modules124
6.4.2Interface and tips of smart PACS147
6.5Video of academic results created by smart PACS156

Appendix 1: Sparse matrix algorithms and software166

Appendix 2: Solving the minimization problem169

Appendix 3: Detailed evaluation results of 40 cases173

Appendix 4: Detailed evaluation results of 10 cases downloaded from MICCAI database176

Appendix 5: Introduction to DICOM177

Appendix 6: Project file format of smart PACS179

References180