Chapter 1��Introduction��1
11 Database-System Applications1
12 Purpose of Database Systems5
13 View of Data8
131 Data Models8
132 Relational Data Model9
133 Data Abstraction9
134 Instances and Schemas12
14 Database Languages��13
141 Data-Definition Language��13
142 The SQL Data-Definition Language��14
143 Data-Manipulation Language��15
144 The SQL Data-Manipulation Language��16
145 Database Access from Application Programs��16
15 Database Design��17
16 Database Engine��18
161 Storage Manager��19
162 The Query Processor��20
163 Transaction Management��20
17 Database and Application Architecture��21
18 Database Users and Administrators��23
181 Database Users and User Interfaces��24
182 Database Administrator��24
19 History of Database Systems��25
110 Summary��29
Review Terms��30
Practice Exercises��31
Exercises��32
Tools��33
Further Reading��33
Bibliography��33
PART 1��RELATIONAL LANGUAGES
Chapter 2��Introduction to the Relational Model��37
21 Structure of Relational Databases37
22 Database Schema41
23 Keys43
24 Schema Diagrams46
25 Relational Query Languages47
26 Summary48
Review Terms49
Practice Exercises49
Exercises50
Further Reading51
Bibliography51
Chapter 3��Introduction to SQL��53
31 Overview of the SQL Query Language53
32 SQL Data Definition54
321 Basic Types55
322 Basic Schema Definition��56
33 Basic Structure of SQL Queries��59
331 Queries on a Single Relation��59
332 Queries on Multiple Relations��62
34 Additional Basic Operations��67
341 The Rename Operation��67
342 String Operations��70
343 Attribute Specification in the Select Clause��71
344 Ordering the Display of Tuples��71
345 Where-Clause Predicates��72
35 Set Operations��73
351 The Union Operation��74
352 The Intersect Operation��75
353 The Except Operation��76
36 Null Values��77
37 Aggregate Functions��79
371 Basic Aggregation��79
372 Aggregation with Grouping��80
373 The Having Clause��83
374 Aggregation with Null and Boolean Values��84
38 Nested Subqueries��86
381 Set Membership��86
382 Set Comparison��87
383 Test for Empty Relations��89
384 Test for the Absence of Duplicate Tuples��91
385 Subqueries in the From Clause��92
386 The With Clause��93
387 Scalar Subqueries��94
388 Scalar Without a From Clause��95
39 Modification of the Database��96
391 Deletion��96
392 Insertion��98
393 Updates��99
310 Summary��102
Review Terms��103
Practice Exercises��103
Exercises��107
Tools��111
Further Reading��112
Bibliography��112
Chapter 4��Intermediate SQL��113
41 Join Expressions113
411 The Natural Join114
412 Join Conditions118
413 Outer Joins119
414 Join Types and Conditions124
42 Views125
421 View Definition126
422 Using Views in SQL Queries126
423 Materialized Views128
424 Update of a View128
43 Transactions131
44 Integrity Constraints133
441 Constraints on a Single Relation134
442 Not Null Constraint134
443 Unique Constraint135
444 The Check Clause135
445 Referential Integrity137
446 Assigning Names to Constraints139
447 Integrity Constraint Violation During a Transaction139
448 Complex Check Conditions and Assertions��140
45 SQL Data Types and Schemas��141
451 Date and Time Types in SQL��142
452 Type Conversion and Formatting Functions��143
453 Default Values��144
454 Large-Object Types��144
455 User-Defined Types��146
456 Generating Unique Key Values��148
457 Create Table Extensions��150
458 Schemas, Catalogs, and Environments��150
46 Index Definition in SQL��152
47 Authorization��153
471 Granting and Revoking of Privile