List of Figures xvii
List of Tables xviii
List of Contributors xix
Introduction
Florian Coulmas 1

Part I Foundations 13
1 The Evolution of a Sociolinguistic Theory of Language
R. B. Le Page 15
2 The Demography of Language
Albert F. Verdoodt 33

Part II Social Dimensions of Language 45
3 Varieties and Variation
James Milroy and Lesley Milroy 47
4 Language Change in Progress: Variation as It Happens
Norman Denison 65
5 Social Factors in Language Change
William Bright 81
6 Sociophonology
John Honey 92
7 Dialect in Society
Walt Wolfram 107
8 Gender as a Sociolinguistic Variable: New Perspectives on Variation Studies
Ruth Wodak and Gertraud Benke 127
9 Age as a Sociolinguistic Variable
Penelope Eckert 151
10 Spoken and Written Language
Celia Roberts and Brian Street 168
11 The Sociolinguistics of Communication Media
Gerhard Leitner 187
12 Diglossia as a Sociolinguistic Situation
Harold F. Schiffman 205
13 Code��switching
Carol Myers��Scotton 217
14 Language Contact and Language Generation: Pidgins and Creoles
John R. Rickford and John McWhorter 238
15 Language Contact and Language Degeneration
Colette Grinevald Craig 257

Part III Linguistic Dimensions of Society 271
16 Language Contact and Language Displacement
Matthias Brenzinger 273
17 Language Conflict
Peter Hans Nelde 285
18 Multilingualism
Michael Clyne 301
19 Language and Identity
Andrée Tabouret��Keller 315
20 Language and Ethnicity: The View from Within
Joshua A. Fishman 327
21 Global Scale Sociolinguistics
Grant D. McConnell 344
22 Language and the Mediation of Experience: Linguistic Representation and Cognitive Orientation
Michael Stubbs 358
23 Linguistic Etiquette
Gabriele Kasper 374

Part IV Applied Issues 387
24 Sociolinguistics and Education
Ludo Verhoeven 389
25 Bilingual Education
Ofelia García 405
26 Sociolinguistics and the Law
Edward Finegan 421
27 Language Planning and Language Reform
Denise Daoust 436

Bibliography 453
Index 521