Contents
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 Modifying of structure-phase states and properties of metals by concentrated energy flows 1
1.1 Fatigue failure in metals and alloys 1
1.2 Face hardening of metals and alloys by concentrated energy flows 5
1.3 The effect of electron-beam processing on fatigue strength of various steels 15
1.4 The relevance of face hardening methods for the structure and properties of aluminum-silicon alloys 21
1.5 Processing of the surfaces in titanium and titanium-based alloys 29
1.6 The use of concentrated energy flows for the face hardening of titanium and its alloys 32
1.7 The modifying of structure and properties in a complex surface treatment 35
Chapter 2 Special analysis aspects of modified light alloys 41
2.1 Materials of research 41
2.2 Methods of fatigue tests 41
2.3 Methods of electron-beam processing 43
2.4 Vacuum impulse electrical explosion apparatus EVU60/10 for the generation of impulse multiphase plasma jets 45
2.5 Equipment for the processing of titanium alloy surface by low-energy high-current electron beam 48
2.6 Methods of structural studies 51
2.7 Methods of quantity-related proceeding of research data 57
Chapter 3 Structure and properties of as-cast silumin and processed by intense pulsed electron beam 59
3.1 Structure-phase study of as-cast silumin 60
3.2 Structure and phase composition of silumin irradiated by an intense pulsed electron beam 64
Chapter 4 Fractography of silumin surface fractured in high-cycle fatigue tests 73
4.1 Fractography of a fatigue failure surface in as-cast silumin 75
4.2 Fractography of fatigue failure surface in silumin irradiated by an intense pulsed electron beam 78
4.2.1 Analysis of a fracture surface in silumin samples modified by an electron beam with a minimal fatigue life 78
4.2.2 Analysis of a fracture surface in silumin samples modified by an electron beam with a maximal fatigue life 83
Chapter 5 Degradation of silumin structure and properties in highcycle fatigue tests 90
5.1 Degradation of silumin properties irradiated by an electron beam in high-cycle fatigue tests 90
5.2 Evolution of defect sub-structure and phase state of silumin irradiated by an intensive pulsed electron beam during fatigue testing 93
Chapter 6 Modifying of titanium alloy VT6 surface by electrical explosion alloying 102
6.1 Electrical explosion alloying of titanium alloy VT6 by titanium diboride 102
6.2 Electrical explosion alloying of titanium alloy VT6 surface by boron carbide 105
6.3 Electrical explosion alloying of titanium alloy VT6 surface by silicon carbide 108
Chapter 7 Modifying of titanium alloy VT6 surface by electrical explosion alloying and electron-beam processing 113
7.1 Research into titanium alloy VT6 processed in electrical explosion of diboride and irradiated by electron beam 113
7.2 Effect of electron-beam processing on modifying of titanium surface
alloyed in electrical explosion by boron carbide 120
7.3 Effect of electron-beam processing on modifying of titanium surface alloyed in electrical explosion by silicon carbide 126
Chapter 8 Microhardness and wear resistance of modified layers 132
8.1 Depthwise distribution of microhardness in modified layers 132
8.1.1 Role of powder portion weight for depthwise microhardness distribution in zone of electrical explosion alloying 132
8.1.2 Importance of surface energy density for depthwise microhardness distribution in zone irradiated by electron beams 134
8.2 Wear resistance of modified layers 137
Chapter 9 Effect of electron-beam processing on structure and phase composition of titanium vt1-0 fractured in fatigue tests 141
9.1 Fracture surface�� structures and phase composition of fractured titanium VT1-0 when fatigued 141
9.1.1 Fractography of the fatigue fracture surface 141
9.1.2 Defect sub-structure and phase composition of the titanium surface layer fractured during fatigue testing 144
9.1.3 Structure of titanium fractured in fatigue tests 147
9.1.4 Gradient structure developing in titanium when fatigued 151
9.2 Fracture surface�� structures and phase composition of commercially pure titanium disintegrated when fatigued after electron-beam processing 157
9.2.1 Structure of titanium irradiated by a pulsed electron beam 157
9.2.2 Fracture surface of titanium irradiated by a pulsed electron beam 160
9.2.3 Structure developed in fatigue tests of samples irradiated by a pulsed electron beam 166
References 180