1 Overview

2 Overall Stability
2��1 Introduction
2��2 Types of Factors of Safety
2��3 Basal Heave Stability
2��4 Push-in Stability
2��5 Overall Shear Failure of Cantilever Walls

3 Earth Pressure and Strut Force
3��1 Introduction
3��2 Lateral Earth Pressure in Braced Excavations
3��3 Parametric Study
3��4 One-Strut Failure Analysis

4 Retaining Wall and Bending Moment
4��1 Introduction
4��2 Wall Types
4��3 Stress Analysis Method
4��4 Design of Retaining Walls

5 Ground Movements
5��1 Introduction
5��2 Sources of Ground Movements
5��3 Ground Movement Predictions Adjacent to Excavations
5��4 Damage to Buildings

6 Finite Element Method
6��1 Introduction
6��2 Basic Principles
6��3 Determination of Initial Stresses
6��4 Modeling of an Excavation Process
6��5 Mesh Generation
6��6 Excavation Analysis Method
6��7 Example�� Excavation in Sand
����

7 Soll Constitutive Models
8 Dewatering of Excavations
9 Soil Improvement by Grouting
10 Adjacent Building Protection
11 Instrumentation and Monitoring
12 Back Analysis for Excavation
13 Excavation Failure Case Analysis

Appendix
Reference