Chapter 1Introduction1
1��1Background and Motivation1
1��2Review of Traffic Models3
1��2��1Microscopic models3
1��2��2Macroscopic models6
1��2��3Discussion12
1��3Current Practice of Traffic Control13
1��3��1Ramp metering14
1��3��2Variable speed limits19
1��3��3Hard shoulder running21Chapter 2Modelling of Motorway Traffic23
2��1Introduction23
2��2Cell Transmission Model24
2��3Traffic Data28
2��3��1Flow28
2��3��2Occupancy29
2��3��3Speed30
2��3��4Density31
2��4Model Calibration32
2��4��1Step 1:Free flow line34
2��4��2Step 2:Capacity35
2��4��3Step 3:Congested line36
2��4��4Review of procedure41Chapter 3Optimisation of Ramp Metering44
3��1Introduction44
3��2Objective Function45
3��3Ramp Metering Formulation49
3��4Effect of Off��ramp Position58
3��5Sensitivity Analysis of Balance Parameter η60
3��6Working Example63
3��6��1Without ramp metering68
3��6��2With ramp metering70Chapter 4Optimisation of Variable Speed Limits and Hard Shoulder
Running76
4��1Introduction76
4��2Variable Speed Limits77
4��2��1Changes in fundamental diagram under VSL77
4��2��2Optimisation of VSL79
4��2��3The effect of fundamental diagram specifications under VSL90
4��3Hard Shoulder Running94
4��3��1Changes in fundamental diagram under HSR94
4��3��2Optimisation of HSR96
4��3��3Optimisation of integrated control strategy98
4��4Working Example101
4��4��1Variable speed limits102
4��4��2Hard shoulder running103
4��4��3Integrated control strategy106Chapter 5Robust Optimisation of Ramp Metering110
5��1Introduction110
5��2Characteristic of Road Traffic Flow111
5��2��1Set��valued fundamental diagram111
5��2��2Demand uncertainty115
5��3Robust Optimisation of Ramp Metering117
5��3��1Review of robust optimisation117
5��3��2Likelihood region119
5��3��3Robust ramp metering formulation124
5��4Working Example127References135