Contents
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1 Nanomagnetism: Principles�� Nanostructures�� and Biomedical Applications 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Nanomagnetic e.ects 4
1.2.1 Single domain and superparamagnetism 4
1.2.2 Exchange-coupling e.ect 6
1.2.3 Exchange bias e.ect 9
1.3 Magnetism of nanomaterials 12
1.3.1 Magnetism of NPs 12
1.3.2 Magnetism of nanoplates 12
1.3.3 Magnetism of nanorings 13
1.4 Biomedical applications of nanomagnetism 14
1.4.1 T2 MRI contrast agents 14
1.4.2 Magnetic hyperthermia 16
1.4.3 Biosensors 16
1.5 Conclusion 17
References 17
Controlled Synthesis and Modi��cation
Chapter 2 Chemical Synthesis of Magnetic Nanocrystals: Recent Progress 23
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Chemical synthesis of single-component magnetic NCs 25
2.2.1 Metal oxides 25
2.2.2 Metals and alloys 29
2.2.3 Metal carbides�� phosphides�� and chalcogenides 33
2.3 Chemical synthesis of multi-component magnetic NCs 38
2.3.1 Core/shell heterostructure 39
2.3.2 Oligomer-like heterostructure 44
2.3.3 Anisotropically shaped material-based heterostructure 49
2.4 Chemical synthesis of hollow/porous magnetic NCs 53
2.4.1 Fe-based hollow/porous NCs 53
2.4.2 Mn-based hollow/porous NCs 56
2.5 Summary and perspectives 57
References 58
Chapter 3 Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Coating Techniques for Biomedical Applications 68
3.1 Introduction 69
3.2 Fe3O4 and y-Fe2O3 70
3.3 Size-induced magnetism evolution and application mechanisms 72
3.4 Synthesis approaches 74
3.4.1 Physical vapor deposition (PVD) 74
3.4.2 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 75
3.4.3 Electrodeposition 75
3.4.4 Hydrothermal 76
3.4.5 Co-precipitation 78
3.4.6 High-temperature (thermal) decomposition of organometallic precursors 80
3.5 Surface coating for biomedical application 88
3.5.1 Au coating 88
3.5.2 SiO2 coating 91
3.5.3 TaOx coating 94
3.5.4 Polymer coating 95
3.5.5 Small molecular coating 100
3.5.6 Carbon coating 103
3.6 Conclusions and perspectives 104
References 105
Chapter 4 Surface Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine 112
4.1 Introduction 112
4.2 Surface modification with organic molecules 114
4.3 Coating modification with macromolecules 117
4.3.1 Polymer coating 117
4.3.2 Liposome and micelle encapsulation 120
4.4 Coating modification with inorganic materials 120
4.4.1 Silica coating 120
4.4.2 Metal element coating 122
4.5 Conclusions and outlook 124
References 125
Diagnosis and Therapy
Chapter 5 Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Nanodiagnostics 133
5.1 Introduction 134
5.2 Magnetic resonance imaging 136
5.3 Diagnostic magnetic resonance 164
5.4 Multifunctional MNPs for multimodal probing 166
5.5 Conclusion and future prospects 172
References 174
Chapter 6 Magnetic Microbubble: A Biomedical Platform Co-constructed from Magnetics and Acoustics 183
6.1 Introduction 183
6.2 Magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic characteristics 185
6.2.1 Preparation�� surface modification�� assembly of magnetic nanoparticles 185
6.2.2 Special features of magnetic nanoparticles 186
6.2.3 Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles 190
6.2.4 Ultrasonic characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles liquid 192
6.3 Microbubble formalism and acoustic characteristics 193
6.3.1 Design and preparation of microbubbles 193
6.3.2 Actions of MBs with ultrasound waves 194
6.4 Magnetic and acoustic character of magnetic microbubbles (MMBs) 197
6.4.1 Fabrication of magnetic microbubbles 197
6.4.2 Acoustic response of magnetic microbubbles 198
6.4.3 Magnetic response of magnetic microbubbles 200
6.5 Applications of magnetic microbubbles in biomedicine 203
6.5.1 Multimodal imaging of MMBs 203
6.5.2 Ultrasound assisted drug delivery of MMBs 204
6.5.3 Magnetic field-controlled drug delivery and release of MMBs 204
6.6 Summary and perspectives 205
References 205
Chapter 7 Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Image-guided Photothermal Therapy for Cancer 209
7.1 Introduction 210
7.2 ICG-loaded MNPs for MR/fluorescence bimodal image-guided PTT 211
7.2.1 Fabrication of ICG-loaded SPIO NPs 211
7.2.2 In vivo MR/fluorescence bimodal imaging of ICG-loaded SPIO NPs 212
7.2.3 In vivo photothermal therapy with ICG-loaded SPIO NPs 214
7.3 Gold-nanoshelled magnetic cerasomes for MRI-guided photothermal therapy 214
7.3.1 Cerasomes combine the advantages of both liposomes and silica nanoparticles 214
7.3.2 Contrast-enhanced MRI imaging using GNMCs 216
7.3.3 Synergistic e.ect in killing cancer cells using GNMCs 216
7.4 Gold-nanoshelled magnetic nanocapsules for MR/ultrasound bimodal image-guided photothermal therapy 217
7.4.1 SPIOs-embedd