Contents Acknowledgements v Introduction vi Irregular verbs vii Exam practice 1 Adjectives adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives; nouns as adjectives Reading Part 2 1 2 Adverbs using and forming adverbs; irregular adverbs; position; modifying adverbs and adjectives Reading Part 5 7 3 Comparisons comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; comparing nouns Writing Part 1 13 4 Present tenses present simple; present continuous; state verbs; have got and have Writing Part 2 19 5 Past tenses past simple; past continuous Writing Part3 25 6 Present perfect and past simple present perfect and past simple; have gone and have been Writing Part 1 31 7 Past perfect past perfect and past simple; used to Reading Part 5 37 8 Nouns plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article Listening Part 3 43 9 Determiners and pronouns 1 some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc. Reading Part 3 49 10 Determiners and pronouns 2 this/that etc.; all/most etc.; both/either/neither; each/every Writing Part 1 55 11 Determiners and pronouns 3 ’s/of, personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it to be Listening Part 2 61 12 The future will; going to; present continuous; present simple Reading Part 1 67 13 Modals 1 general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission Listening Part 1 73 14 Modals 2 obligation; necessity; orders and advice Writing Part3 79 15 Modals 3 certainty and possibility; ability Reading Part 1 85 16 Questions and answers yes/no; short answers; question words; agreeing with statements Listening Part 4 91 17 Prepositions 1 place and movement Writing Part 3 97 18 Prepositions 2 Time Reading Part 4 103 19 Prepositions 3 expressions with prepositions; verbs and adjectives prepositions; phrasal verbs Writing Part 2 109 20 The-ing form -ing as subject; before/after etc. -ing; prepositions -ing; go/come -ing Reading Part 1 115 21 to or-ing? verbs to infinitive; make and let; verbs -ing; verbs to infinitive or -ing Reading Part 5 121 22 Conditionals 1 zero conditional; first conditional; unless Reading Part 3 127 23 Conditionals 2 second conditional; I wish Reading Part 4 133 24 The passive passive forms and uses; to have something done Reading Part 2 139 25 Reported speech 1 reporting what someone said; words which change Writing Part 1 145