Table of Contents Chapter 1 Social Studies • History and Geography Unit 01 ………………………………… 7 Early People and Civilizations Early People Unit 02 ………………………………… 11 Rivers and Civilizations The Fertile Crescent and the Kingdoms of Egypt Unit 03 ………………………………… 15 Asian Civilizations The Indus Civilization Unit 04 ………………………………… 19 The Ancient World Ancient Greece Unit 05 ………………………………… 23 The Ancient World The Roman Empire Unit 06 ………………………………… 27 The Renaissance and the Reformation From the Middle Ages to the Reformation Unit 07 ………………………………… 31 The Enlightenment: The Age of Reason The Enlightenment and the French Revolution Wrap-Up Test 1 ……………………… 35 Chapter 2 Science Unit 08 ………………………………… 39 The Characteristics of Living Things Cells, Reproduction, and Heredity Unit 09 ………………………………… 43 The Earth’s Oceans Oceans and Ocean Life Unit 10 ………………………………… 47 Fossils What We Can Learn from Fossils Unit 11 ………………………………… 51 Force and Motion Newton’s Laws Unit 12 ………………………………… 55 Light Energy Light Energy Unit 13 ………………………………… 59 The Universe Eclipses Unit 14 ………………………………… 63 The Human Body Diseases and the Immune System Wrap-Up Test 2 ……………………… 67 Chapter 3 Mathematics • Language • Visual Arts • Music Unit 15 ………………………………… 71 Numbers and Computation Factors, Prime Numbers, and Exponents Unit 16 ………………………………… 75 Geometry Dimensions Unit 17 ………………………………… 79 Stories, Myths, and Legends Pygmalion Unit 18 ………………………………… 83 Grammar and Usage Sentences Unit 19 ………………………………… 87 Art Movements From Baroque Art to Pop Art Unit 20 ………………………………… 91 The Music of the Middle Ages Gregorian Chants and Polyphonic Music Wrap-Up Test 3 ……………………… 95 • School Textbook 97 • Answers and Translations 139 • Word List 156