Chapter 1 The Basic Law of Thermodynamics 1 �� 1.1 Equilibrium state and description of thermodynamic system 1 �� 1.2 Thermal equilibrium and temperature��the zeroth law of thermodynamics 4 �� 1.3 Equation of state 6 �� 1.4 Work 10 �� 1.5 The first law of thermodynamics 11 �� 1.6 Heat capacity and enthalpy 14 �� 1.7 Internal energy of an ideal gas 15 �� 1.8 Adiabatic process of an ideal gas 18 �� 1.9 Carnot cycle of an ideal gas 19 �� 1.10 The second law of thermodynamics 22 �� 1.11 Carnot's theorem and Clausius inequality 24 �� 1.12 Entropy and the central equation of thermodynamics 26 �� 1.13 The free energy and Gibbs function 29 Exercises 30 Chapter 2 Thermodynamic Properties of the Uniform System 33 �� 2.1 Maxwell's relations 33 �� 2.2 The application of Maxwell's relations 36 �� 2.3 The throttling process and adiabatic expansion of gas 38 �� 2.4 Determination of the basic thermodynamic functions 40 �� 2.5 Specific functions 42 Exercises 43 Chapter 3 Phase Transitions 45 �� 3.1 The criterion of thermodynamic dynamic equilibrium 45 �� 3.2 Thermodynamic basic equations of open systems 48 �� 3.3 The complex phase equilibrium condition of a single component system 50 �� 3.4 The Clausius��Clapeyron equation 53 �� 3.5 Classification of phase transitions 56 Exercises 59 Chapter 4 The Equilibrium of Chemical Reactions and the third Law of Thermodynamics 61 �� 4.1 Thermodynamic functions and equations of a multicomponent system 61 �� 4.2 The complex phase equilibrium condition of a multicomponent system 65 �� 4.3 The Gibbs phase rule 66 �� 4.4 Equilibrium of chemical reaction 67 �� 4.5 The law of mass action 70 �� 4.6 The third law of thermodynamics 73 Exercises 77 Chapter 5 The Most Probable Distribution of Nearly Independent Particles 80 �� 5.1 The classical description of the motion state of particle 80 �� 5.2 The quantum description of the motion state of particle 84 �� 5.3 The description of microstate of system 89 �� 5.4 Distribution and microscopic states 92 �� 5.5 Maxwell��Boltzmann distribution, Bose��Einstein distribution and Fermi��Dirac distribution 93 Exercises 96 Chapter 6 Boltzmann Statistics 97 �� 6.1 The statistical definitions of thermodynamic quantities 97 �� 6.2 The Maxwell velocity distribution 100 �� 6.3 The equipartition theorem of energy 102 �� 6.4 The internal energy, heat capacity and entropy of an ideal gas 105 Exercises 107 Chapter 7 Ensemble Theory 109 �� 7.1 Phase space and Liouville's theorem 109 �� 7.2 The microcanonical ensemble 112 �� 7.3 The canonical ensemble 116 �� 7.4 The grand canonical ensemble 118 Exercises 120 Bibliography 122