Foreword Chapter I China's Creations Section 1 Sophisticated and Ingenious Farming and Weaving Techniques Section 2 Exploitation of the Works of Nature Section 3 Architectural Constructions in China Section 4 Investigating Things to Exhaust Heavenly Principles Section 5 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy Chapter 2 Spreading of Western Learning to the East Section 1 Smelting Materials of Alien Source Section 2 Learning the Strengths of Alien People Section 3 Laying the Foundation of Modern Science in China Chapter 3 Marching Toward Science Section 1 Building a Modern Scientific and Technological System Section 2 Planning on Science and Technology Section 3 Technological Progess and Industrialization Chapter 4 Reform and Innovation of the Scientific and Technological System Section 1 Spring of Science Section 2 Reform of the Scientific and Technological System Section 3 Technology Introduction and Innovation Section 4 Exploring the Unknown Chapter 5 Innovation-Driven Development Section 1 Innovative Development Concepts and Strategy Section 2 From an Innovative Country to a World Power in Scientific and Technological Innovation Section 3 Roadmap of Scientific and Technological Development in Important Areas by 2050 Section 4 New-Type Scientific Research System Afterword