part one testing proficiency and achievement1. testing proficiency and achievement: principles and practice2. metalinguistic knowledge, language aptitude and language proficiency3. diagnosing foreign language proficiency: a teaching/testing interface4. bands and scores5. sequencing as an item type6. native and nonnative speaker performance on cloze tests7. the effect on the cloze test of changes in deletion frequency8. the testing of reading9. testing reading comprehension skills (part two) : getting students to talk about taking a reading test (a pilot study)10. the cefr and the need for more research11. what does pesti have to do with us testers?part two testing english for specific purposes12. testing english for specific purposes: how specific can we get?13. testing and its administration in esp14. a course in testing and evaluation for esp teachers or "how bad were my tests?"15. testing in eap: progress? achievement? proficiency?part three language testing and program evaluation16. the state of language testing in the 1990s17. language testing in the 1990s. how far have we come? how much further have we to go?18. examining washback. the sri lankan impact study19. computers in language testing20. technology in testing. the present and the future21. innovations and challenges in diagnostic testing22. evaluating a placement test23. guidelines for the evaluation of language education24. towards a theory of participatory evaluation. insights from applied linguistics