Chapter 1 Overviews
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Branches of surveying
1.2.1 Geodetic surveying
1.2.2 Plane surveying
1.2.3 Topographic surveying
1.2.4 Engineering surveying
1.2.5 Cadastral surveying
1.2.6 Hydrographic surveying
1.2.7 Mine surveying
1.3 Developments of surveying
1.3.1 Surveying techniques
1.3.2 Surveying equipments
1.3.3 Origin of Geomatics
1.4 Achievements of China's surveying

Chapter 2 Datums of Surveying
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Geoid and reference ellipsoid
2.2.1 Mean Sea Level and Geoid
2.2.2 Reference ellipsoid
2.3 Map projections
2.3.1 Three kinds of projections
2.3.2 Typical map projections
2.4 Datums and coordinate system
2.4.1 Horizontal and vertical datums
2.4.2 Coordinate systems
2.4.3 Coordinate conversions

Chapter 3 Distance Measurement
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Taping
3.3 Tacheometry
3.4 EDM measurement

Chapter 4 Elevation Measurement
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Leveling instruments
4.2.1 Ordinary level
4.2.2 Automatic level
4.2.3 Digital level
4.2.4 Laser level
4.3 Spirit leveling work
4.3.1 Principle of spirit leveling
4.3.2 Methods of spirit leveling
4.3.3 Refraction and curvature
4.4 Trigonometrie leveling
4.4.1 Instruments of trigonometric leveling
4.4.2 Principle of trigonometric leveling
4.4.3 Methods of trigonometric leveling

Chapter 5 Angle Measurement
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Horizontal angle
5.1.2 Vertical angle
5.2 Direetion and azimuth
5.2.1 Direction of line
5.2.2 Azimuth and bearing
5.3 Theodolite
5.3.1 Optical theodolite
5.3.2 Electronic theodolite
5.4 Angle measurement
5.4.1 Horizontal angle measurement
5.4.2 Vertical angle measurement

Chapter 6 Measurement Errors
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Sources of errors
6.1.2 Mistakes in measurements
6.2 Classifieations of errors
6.2.1 Systematic errors
6.2.2 Random errors
6.3 Analysis of random errors
6.3.1 Properties of random errors
6.3.2 Mean and standard deviation
6.3.3 Propagation of errors
6.4 Least��squares adjustment
6.4.1 Principles of adjustment
6.4.2 Models of adjustment
6.4.3 Adjustment methods

Chapter 7 Control Surveying
7.1 Control networks
7.1.1 Types of control networks
7.1.2 GPS control networks
7.1.3 Accuracy of control surveying
7.2 Triangulations and intersections
7.2.1 Triangulation methods
7.2.2 Intersection methods
7.3 Traversing
7.3.1 Classifications of traversing
7.3.2 Closures of traversing
7.3.3 Calculations of traversing
7.3.4 Traverse networks
7.4 Vertical control surveying
7.4.1 Differential leveling
7.4.2 Reciprocal leveling
7.4.3 Trigonometric leveling

Chapter 8 Engineering Surveying
8.1 New survey equipments
8.1.1 Total station
8.1.2 Laser rangefinder
8.1.33D laser scanner
8.1.4 Gyro��theodolite
8.2 Construction layout
8.2.1 Establishing control points
8.2.2 Construction layout
8.2.3 Techniques of layout
8.2.4 As��built surveys
8.3 Deformation monitoring
8.3.1 Deformation parameters
8.3.2 Monitoring schemes
8.3.3 Monitoring techniques
8.3.4 Reference network design
8.3.5 Monitoring data processing
8.4 Surface subsidence observation
8.4.1 Factors affecting surface subsidence
8.4.2 Subsidence observation lines
8.4.3 Frequency of subsidence surveys
8.4.4 Survey instruments and techniques

Chapter 9 Map and Cartography
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Map scale
9.1.2 Map elements
9.1.3 Map Types
9.2 Cartographic technology
9.2.1 Cartographic process
9.2.2 Map design
9.2.3 Computer��aided design
9.3 Developments of cartography
9.3.1 Technological advances
9.3.2 Cartographic software
9.3.3 Electronic maps

Chapter 10 Global Positioning System
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Basic principles of GPS
10.2.1 GPS positioning principle
10.2.2 GPS positioning methods
10.2.3 Error sources of GPS
10.3 Differential GPS
10.3.1 Differential principle
10.3.2 Differential processing
10.3.3 Accuracy of DGPS
10.4 RTK GPS technology
10.4.1 Basic principle of RTK
10.4.2 Cartier phase tracking
10.4.3 CORS Network of RTK

Chapter 11 Remote Sensing
11.1 Overviews
11.1.1 Concepts of RS
11.1.2 Types of RS platforms
11.1.3 Classifications of RS
11.1.4 Applications of RS
11.2 RS working principles
11.2.1 Electromagnetic energy
11.2.2 Interactions with the terrain
11.2.3 RS working process
11.3 Remote sensing data
11.3.1 Ground reference data
11.3.2 RS data acquisition
11.3.3 RS data formats
11.4 RS data processing
11.4.1 RS data interpretation
11.4.2 Digital RS image processing
11.4.3 Thematic Classification
11.4.4 RS data integrations

Chapter 12 Geographic Information System
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Components of GIS
12.1.2 Functions of GIS
12.1.3 Applications of GIS
12.2 Data structures
12.2.1 Raster Data Structures
12.2.2 Vector Data Structures
12.2.3 Comparisons of data structures
12.3 Data processing
12.3.1 Data input
12.3.2 Data preprocessing
12.3.3 Spatial analysis
12.4 Product generation
12.4.1 Map products
12.4.2 Image products
12.4.3 Statistical charts
12.4.4 Digital Terrain Model

References
Vocabulary