1 heterocycle synthesis through direct coupling of aromatic and vinylic c-h bonds
1.1introduction1
1.2construction of carbazoles2
1.2.1tandem ch functionalization and cn bond formation2
1.2.2pd (oac)2 catalyzed oxidative biaryl synthesis8
1.3construction of benzoxazoles11
1.4construction of benzimidazoles14
1.5construction of 2substituted benzothiazoles17
1.6construction of 3aryl/alkylindazoles19
1.7construction of indoles 21
1.8construction of indole derivatives oxindoles and indolines26
1.8.1construction of oxindoles26
1.8.2construction of indolines28
1.9construction of benzolactams and phthalimides30
1.10construction of dibenzofurans34
1.11construction of brigehead unsaturated bicyclic enamines35
1.12conclusion37
references38
2 heterocycle synthesis through direct coupling of saturated c-h bonds
2.1introduction40
2.2intramolecular cyclization40
2.2.1cc bond formation40
2.2.2cn bond formation47
2.2.3co bond formation53
2.3intermolecular cyclization56
2.3.1cyclization with insertion of alkenes56
2.3.2cyclization with insertion of co56
2.3.3cyclization with insertion of alkynes57
2.4conclusions58
references59
3 direct coupling of aromatic c-h bonds with a nitrogen atom
3.1introduction61
3.2cn bond formation of arenes having directing groups61
3.2.1coppercatalyzed/mediated cn bond formation61
3.2.2palladiumcatalyzed cn bond formation68
3.3copper(��) acetatecatalyzed/mediated cn bond formation of
polyfluoro(chloro)arenes80
3.4metalfree cn bond formation of alkyl substituted arenes84
3.5conclusion85
references86
4 direct coupling of azole c-h bonds with nitrogen groups
4.1introduction89
4.2coppercatalyzed/mediated amination89
4.3acidpromoted amination96
4.4metalfree amination103
4.5conclusion107
references107
5 copper-promoted direct sp2c-h bond transformation
5.1introduction110
5.2aromatic ring ch bond functionalization111
5.2.1cyclization ch bond functionalization111
5.2.2noncyclization ch bond functionalization116
5.3heteroaromatic ch bond functionalization123
5.3.1arylation of heteroaromatic ch bonds123
5.3.2alkenylation of oxazoles with bromoalkenes130
5.3.3amination of heteroaromatic ch bonds132
5.4conclusion134
references134
6 lron catalysis for hydrosilyaltion
6.1introduction136
6.2hydrosilylation of olefins137
6.3hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones139
6.4hydrosilylation reduction of amides to amines144
6.5conclusion146
references147
7 stereoselective formation chiral heterocyclic compounds via cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions of sp3c-h bonds
7.1introduction149
7.2coppercatalyzed synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline
derivatives149
7.3organocatalytic synthesis of xanthene and indole derivatives151
7.4coppercatalyzed synthesis of indole derivatives153
7.5conclusion155
references156
8 synthesis of cyclpentadienyl titanium or zirconium complexes and application in hydrogenation of olefins
8.1synthesis of cyclopentadienyl zirconium complexes157
8.2synthesis of cyclopentadienyl titanium complexes159
8.3hydrogenation of olefins using titanocenes160
references161